1788 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 27, NO. 4, APRIL 2012
General Active Global Stabilization of Multiloads
DC-Power Networks
Pierre Magne, Student Member, IEEE, Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh, Member, IEEE, and Serge Pierfederici
Abstract—Implantation of complex dc-power network is one of
the main research topics in more electric aircraft (MEA). In such
applications, small and light systems are required and so optimiza-
tion of passive elements, such as dc-bus capacitance and filtering
inductance, is an important issue. It is known that the reduction of
dc-bus capacitance may lead to instability of an MVdc network. So,
if no stabilizer is used, the risk of instability must be considered,
while designing the system passive elements. In this paper, we will
first study the small signal stability of an MVdc network composed
of three loads: an inverter supplying a permanent magnet syn-
chronous motor, a dc/dc converter feeding a resistive load, and a
supercapacitor controlled by a bidirectional dc/dc converter. Then,
we will propose a large-signal-stabilizing system to ensure global
stability by generating proper stabilizing power references for the
whole system. The contribution of the loads to network stability is
adjustable. The validity of the proposed method will be confirmed
by experimentations.
Index Terms—AC drives, active stabilization, constant power
load (CPL), dc-power network, energy storage device (ESD), fault-
tolerant control, Lyapunov methods, more electric aircraft (MEA),
MVdc networks, nonlinear systems, power electronics systems,
power system stability, stability, supercapacitor (SC).
I. INTRODUCTION
A
S The aircraft industry works on its next generation of
engines, an important research and development topic is
plane electrification. Significant progress in electrical system
reliability, fault detection, and control in degraded mode have
helped make “more electric aircraft” (MEA) more of a real-
ity [1]–[4]. To optimize on-board energy management, the use
of local dc-power networks with reversible loads and energy
storage devices (ESDs) is a potential solution. The voltage range
of these dc-power networks is situated between 200 and 600 V
and such electric structures are often defined as MVdc in the
literature. In this context, MVdc networks, including several ac-
tuators and ESDs, such as supercapacitors (SC) or batteries, are
proposed and studied in the literature [5], [6].
In the aerospace industry, mass optimization is very important
and designers are looking for smaller and lighter systems. As
passive elements, dc-link capacitors and filter inductances, are
Manuscript received December 21, 2010; revised July 19, 2011 and
September 2, 2011; accepted September 3, 2011. Date of current version Febru-
ary 20, 2012. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor F. Blaabjerg.
The authors are with the Groupe de Recherche en Electronique et en Elec-
trotechnique de Nancy (GREEN), INPL, University of Lorraine, Nancy 54516,
France (e-mail: pierre.magne@ensem.inpl-nancy.fr; babak.nahidmobarakeh@
ensem.inpl-nancy.fr; serge.pierfederici@ensem.inpl-nancy.fr).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPEL.2011.2168426
generally big and heavy, and so their optimization is a main re-
search topic related to maximization of weight savings. Unfortu-
nately, in the case of two cascaded systems, reducing the bus ca-
pacitor value decreases the system damping ratio and enhances
instability risk due to the interaction between devices [7]–[11].
To study the instability phenomenon in dc-power networks,
loads are often considered as “constant power load” (CPL),
i.e., the impact of the dc-link voltage variations on the load
power is negligible. This is almost true for tightly controlled
converters while the load controllability conditions are satisfied.
This approximation permits to consider a load in a restrictive
case for stability problem and is applicable for all converters
tightly regulated with a high bandwidth and good robustness
properties as regard to possible disturbances. This is the case
with inverter motor drive systems [8], [10], [12]–[14]. It is also
partially true in a faulty mode, where the absorbed power has a
significant dc component at high speeds [15].
Stability problems in the case of interaction between a power
supply in cascade and a CPL is well known and numerous studies
have been published to explain this phenomenon for the inverter
motor drive systems [7]–[9]. In the case where the system is lo-
cally stable around an operating point, external disturbances like
a change in the main voltage or an abrupt load power variation
can make it unstable. To analyze this phenomenon, some authors
have proposed mathematical methods to obtain an approxima-
tion of the domain of attraction of the operating point [16]–[20].
To prevent this instability risk, an appropriate design of passive
elements could be done to obtain satisfactory stability margins.
In [21], several passive methods were proposed and studied to
damp the system and enhance its stability. Unfortunately, this
also increases the global mass of the system.
To reduce the dc-link capacitor size and ensure a well-
stabilized system, several stabilization methods have been pro-
posed [10], [13], [14], [22]–[24]. They propose use of a feed-
back implementation on the load control improving the stability
margins. This permits reduction of the dc-link capacitance. Ex-
perimental results prove the efficacy of these solutions but often
the stability is studied and proved only for small signal varia-
tions around an operating point. In other works [25]–[28], the
large signal stability of the system was considered and nonlinear
stabilization techniques proposed.
In all these cases, stabilizing signals are superposed to the
load power references to improve the system stability. This may
be considered as a drawback in applications, where we can-
not modify the loads dynamics. In [29], it was shown that it
is theoretically possible to implement a proper feedback on a
controllable voltage source to ensure the small signal stability
of a power system composed by two cascaded converters.
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