New Asian species of the genus Anamika (euagarics, hebelomatoid clade) based on morphology and ribosomal DNA sequences Zhu L. YANG 1 , Patrick B. MATHENY 2 , Zai-Wei GE 1 , Jason C. SLOT 2 and David S. HIBBETT 2 1 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming 650204, P. R. China. 2 Department of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA. E-mail : fungi@mail.kib.ac.cn Received 19 November 2004; accepted 1 July 2005. Two dark-spored agaric species from Asia are placed in the genus Anamika (Agaricales or euagarics clade). This result is supported by ITS and nLSU-rDNA sequences with strong measures of branch support, in addition to several morphological and ecological similarities. An inclusive ITS study was performed using a mixed model Bayesian analysis that suggests the derived status of Anamika within Hebeloma, thereby rendering Hebeloma a paraphyletic genus. However, the monophyly of Hebeloma cannot be rejected outright given ITS and nLSU-rDNA data. Thus, we propose two new Asian species in Anamika : A. angustilamellata sp. nov. from dipterocarp and fagaceous forests of southwestern China and northern Thailand ; and A. lactariolens comb. nov., a Japanese species originally described in the genus Alnicola. A complete description of A. angustilamellata, including illustrations, is provided. INTRODUCTION The genus Anamika was recently described to accom- modate a single species characterized by the unique combination of pleurocystidia, spore ornamentation type, and putative ectomycorrhizal association with Dipterocarpaceae in southern India (Thomas et al. 2002). Recently, several collections of agarics from dipterocarp and fagaceous forests in southern China and northern Thailand were observed to share morphological affinities with the genus Anamika and Alnicola lactariolens described from Japan (Cle´menc¸on & Hongo 1994). In order to confirm the generic and specific dispositions of these Asian materials, ITS-rDNA and nLSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences were generated and analyzed phylogenetically. These sequences were evaluated in light of recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Anamika, Hebeloma, Alnicola, and Hymenogaster by Aanen et al. (2000), Peintner et al. (2001), and Thomas et al. (2002). MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens and morphological descriptions Mature and developing basidiomata of Anamika were collected in summers in forests dominated by Dipterocarpaceae and Fagaceae in southwestern China and northern Thailand. The possible mycorrhizal hosts were recorded at the time of collecting. Spore prints were also attempted at the time of collection or upon arrival at the laboratory or hotel. Specimens were noted and/or photographed in the field. Colour standards used were Ridgway (1912) and Kornerup & Wanscher (1981). Colour names with first letters capitalized are from Ridgway (1912); colour codes of the form ‘5D5’ which indicates the plate, row, and colour block are from Kornerup & Wanscher (1981). Noted material was dried using an electric drier, and then prepared and deposited in appropriate reference collections, includ- ing the Kunming Institute of Botany (HKAS). 5% KOH was used as a mounting medium for microscopic studies. The abbreviation [n/m/p] shall mean n basidiospores measured from m basidiocarps of p collections. Dimensions of basidiospores including the ornamentation are given using notation of the form (a) b–c (d ). The range b–c contains a minimum of 90 % of the measured values. Extreme values a and d are given in parentheses. Q refers to the length/breadth ratio of basidiospores ; Q refers to the average Q of all basidiospores¡sample standard deviation. All line drawings of this study were made from fresh material. DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing Genomic DNA was extracted from Chinese and Thai material of Anamika (HKAS 42927 and CMU 45194) Mycol. Res. 109 (11): 1259–1267 (November 2005). f The British Mycological Society 1259 doi:10.1017/S0953756205003758 Printed in the United Kingdom.