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www.ISCJ-Journal.com
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
75
International Sport Coaching Journal, 2014, 1, 75-85
http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2013-0006
© 2014 Human Kinetics, Inc.
A Sport Federation’s Attempt to Restructure a Coach
Education Program Using Constructivist Principles
Kyle J. Paquette
University of Ottawa
Aman Hussain
University of Winnipeg
Pierre Trudel
University of Ottawa
Martin Camiré
University of Ottawa
Building on Hussain et al.’s (2012) analysis of Triathlon Canada’s constructivist-informed coach education
program from the perspective of the program designer, this case study explored the structure and initial imple-
mentation of the program, as well as coaches’ perspectives of their journey to certiication. Through a series
of document analyses and interviews with the inaugural group of coach participants (N = 4), strategies for the
application of constructivist principles are presented and discussed in relation to the coaches’ perspectives and
coach development literature. More speciically, through its innovative use of learning activities and formative
evaluation and assessment strategies, the program is shown to place considerable emphasis on coaches’ biogra-
phies, relection, and representation of learning. Finally, recommendations for coach educators are presented.
Keywords: coach development, coach educators, constructivism, learning, triathlon
The design and delivery of coach education has tradi-
tionally been approached from what may be considered
a positivist framework (Trudel, Gilbert, & Werthner,
2010). Coach education programs informed by positiv-
ist assumptions are typically anchored by standardised
curriculums that are designed using a global needs
assessment strategy (Gilbert & Trudel, 2006). Determin-
ing the knowledge and competency needs of coaches is
often achieved by consulting a group of coaching experts
(Trudel et al., 2010) and/or surveying a representative
group of coaches (Kirkpatrick & Kirkpatrick, 2006).
Once the curriculum is determined, these programs rely
heavily on the course instructors or teachers to relay the
information to coaches. Learning is predicated on the
effectiveness of these individuals to instruct (Kirkpat-
rick & Kirkpatrick, 2006; Werthner & Trudel, 2006);
therefore, the emphasis is placed on what is taught
(i.e., material of teaching) (Moon, 1999). The impact
of these programs on coach learning has been brought
into question (Mallett, Trudel, Lyle, & Rynne, 2009;
Trudel et al., 2010). Some researchers have critiqued
these programs for using approaches that decontextualise
the coaching process (Cushion, 2011; Gilbert & Trudel,
2006) and disregard the inluence of coaches’ previous
learning experiences (i.e., biographies) on their journey
to becoming a coach (i.e., lifelong learning) (Trudel,
Culver, & Werthner, 2013). Moreover, coach development
researchers and practitioners have been encouraged to
adopt approaches that better represent “the messy reality
of everyday practice” (Jones, Bowes, & Kingston, 2010,
p. 23), thereby acknowledging the diverse and context-
speciic knowledge and competencies required by all
coaches (Cushion & Lyle, 2010; Trudel et al., 2010). A
possible solution may be the adoption of a constructivist
approach (Armour, 2010; Trudel et al., 2013).
Coach education programs informed by constructiv-
ist principles embrace the concept of lifelong learning,
and therefore the emphasis is placed on what is learnt
(i.e., material of learning) (Moon, 1999) and “what the
learner is becoming” as a result of his/her learning (Jarvis,
Paquette, Trudel, and Camiré are with the School of Human
Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Hussain is with the Department
of Kinesiology and Applied Health, University of Winnipeg,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Address author correspondence
to Kyle Paquette at kpaqu098@uottawa.ca.