Bimetallic CoRh and CoRu nanoparticles: size induced
enhanced magnetisation
D. Zitoun
a
, M. Respaud
b
,
*
M.-C. Fromen
c
, P. Lecante
c
, M.-J. Casanove
c
, C. Amiens
a
,
and B. Chaudret
a*
a
Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination- CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
b
Laboratoire de la Physique de la Matière Condensée, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
c
Centre d’Elaboration des Matériaux et d’Etudes Structurales- CNRS, BP 4347, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
Elsevier use only: Received date here; revised date here; accepted date here
Abstract
The magnetism of bimetallic Co
x
M
1-x
(M : Ru and Rh) clusters has been investigated on systems of nanoparticles with
diameters smaller than 2nm embedded in a polymer obtained by means of organometallic synthesis. Whatever the
composition (up to x = 0.75), the investigation of magnetism evidence a ferromagnetic behavior. As a consequence of size
reduction, both CoRh and CoRu systems display enhanced magnetic moments and anisotropy compared to bulk values. ©
2001 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.
Keywords: nanocrystals; nanoparticles; clusters; size effect; polarisation; anisotropy.
PACS numbers: 78.67.Bf; 71.20.Be; 75.30.Gw; 75.75.+a
*
e-mail: respaud@insa-tlse.fr, chaudret@lcc-toulouse.fr.
1. Introduction
The modification of the electronic band structure of
magnetic materials of nanometer size, at the border of the
molecular and metallic states, induces unusual magnetic
properties. As a consequence, an enhanced magnetic
moment is predicted for nanoparticles of 3d ferromagnetic
(FM) metals as a result of surface and structure effects.
Such effects have been first demonstrated in the case of Fe,
Co and Ni metal clusters containing less than 1000
atoms.[1] Size reduction also induces the appearance of FM
as demonstrated by molecular beam deflection
measurements for Rh clusters up to 34 atoms although Ru
remains non magnetic.[2] These results demonstrate that
size reduction promotes in some cases an electronic
polarization in species at the border of FM. Moreover, a
spin polarization can be induced by a very small
perturbation of the lattice parameter, by elaborating layered
structures with a FM material and more efficiently by
alloying with a 3d FM metal. As a consequence, one can
expect unusual magnetic behaviors in 3d FM/4d clusters,
where size reduction should play an important role on spin
and orbital polarization.
The synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles requires size,
composition and surface state controls. In the past few
years, we have developed a new chemical elaboration
process based on the decomposition in mild conditions of
an organometallic precursor in the presence of a stabilizing
polymer.[3,4] This route leads to nanoparticles of narrow
size distribution that fulfill the requirements stated above,
where the by-products of the synthesis do not alter the
surface magnetism. This approach has been applied to the
case of bimetallic CoRh and CoRu for different leading to
ultrafine particles with diameters below 2nm. A FM
behavior has been observed in all the cases with a strong
enhancement of the magnetic moment.