International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 2 (8), pp. 226-236, August, 2007
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/IJPS
ISSN 1992 - 1950 © 2007 Academic Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of electroporation on matrix
metalloproteinases (MMPs) pattern activity in malignant
glioma cells propagated ex vivo
Monira M. Rageh
1*
, Anwar A. Elsayed
1
, Amr A. Abd-Elghany
1
, Mohammed S. Mohammed
2
1
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
2
Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Egypt.
Accepted 18 June, 2007
Cells exposed to short and intense electric pulses become permeable to a number of various ionic
molecules. This phenomenon was termed electroporation or electropermeabilization and is widely used
for in vitro drug delivery into cells and gene transfection. The present work is a trial to study the effect
of single exponential pulsed electric field (PEF) using intensity range 0.3 to 5.7 KV /cm and 1 m sec
duration on human malignant glioma cells (U251MG). Under electrical conditions maintaining cell
viability, no permeabilization can be detected for macromolecules such as DNA for pulse durations
shorter than 1m sec. The aim of this study was to find optimum values of field strengths: First, to
maintain cell viability for gene transfection and electrochemotherapy for further investigations. The
above range of field strengths was used because a strong increase in the electric field intensity may
increase transport of macromolecules, but as it may induce a loss in cell viability, indicated by the
morphological observations in this study; it is associated with a decrease in plasmid expression.
Second, to investigate the influence of PEF on metastatic biomolecules secreted in the cultured media
such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs enzyme activity was reduced at electric field
intensities (0.3 - 1.15 KV/cm) by a factor of (25 - 100%). It is recommended to use the field intensity 0.85
KV/cm to put the glioma cells under biochemical stress during the electroporation protocol using single
exponential pulse and 1 ms duration.
Key words: Malignant glioma cells, electroporation, MMPs.
INTRODUCTION
Exposure of suspended cells to an exponentially decay-
ing external electric field pulse of high intensity (kV/cm)
and short duration (from 100 μs to several milliseconds)
leads to a reversible electric breakdown of the membrane
(Zimmermann et al., 1974). The breakdown of the mem-
brane firstly is associated with a temporary increase of
the membrane permeability. These permeability changes
may be rapidly reversible or irreversible depending on the
intensity and the width of the electrical pulses, as well as
the composition of the suspending medium. After the
rapid increase of the membrane permeability, many de-
*Corresponding author. E-mail: monirarageh@yahoo.com.
layed effects of the electrical stimulation were observed.
These slower secondary effects included membrane
fusions, membrane bleb formation, endocytotic reactions,
and reorganization of the cytoskeletal network and in
severe cases lysis of the cells. Global membrane rupture
and cell death were mainly due to these secondary
effects. Experiments showed that electrical stimulation
introduced pores of limited sizes in the plasma mem-
brane (Neumann et al., 1989). These pores could be
resealed without losing the cytoplasmic macromolecular
contents, and most cells survived after pore resealing.
Electroporation possessed many applications in molecu-
lar biology, genetic engineering, drug delivery, and bio-
technology (Tsong, 1996). The exponential decay elec-
troporators generally places considerable stress on the