International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 2:1 (2016), 68–100. doi 10.1075/ijlcr.2.1.03cro
issn 2215–1478 / e-issn 2215–1486 © John Benjamins Publishing Company
L2 English article use by L1 speakers
of article-less languages
A learner corpus study
Peter Robert Crosthwaite
University of Hong Kong
his paper adopts the Integrated Contrastive Model (Granger 1996) to an exami-
nation of the use of articles in the L2 English written production of L1 speakers
of three article-less languages (Mandarin Chinese, Korean and hai) across four
L2 proiciency levels. Data is sourced from the International Corpus Network of
Asian Learners of English (ICNALE; Ishikawa 2011, 2013), comprising 575 writ-
ten essays totalling 125,588 words across two writing prompts. Accuracy of zero,
indeinite and deinite articles is measured using Pica’s (1983) Target Language
Use across Bickerton’s (1981) semantic/pragmatic article contexts (generic,
speciic deinite, speciic indeinite and non-speciic indeinite). he results show
two diferent orders of article accuracy depending on L1 background, as well as
efects of writing prompt on the accuracy of certain article forms, and evidence
of pseudo-longitudinal development for particular article usages as L2 proi-
ciency increases, although not in all cases. Massive overproduction of indeinite/
deinite articles in generic contexts is problematic for all three L2 groups regard-
less of L1 background and L2 proiciency. However, Mandarin L2 English users
appear to enjoy a signiicant advantage in L2 article accuracy over Korean or
hai L2 English users in almost all contexts of use and L2 proiciency levels, pro-
viding further potential evidence that the oten reported grammaticalisation of
deiniteness/speciicity markers in L1 Mandarin is aiding Mandarin L2 English
users’ acquisition of the English article system.
Keywords: article use, L2 English, Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis, Integrated
Contrastive Model, Mandarin EFL learners, Korean EFL learners, hai EFL
learners