375 1040-9238/02/$.50 © 2002 by CRC Press LLC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 37(6):375–536 (2002) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Gelatinase B or Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Philippe E. Van den Steen, 1 Bénédicte Dubois, 1 Inge Nelissen, 1 Pauline M. Rudd, 2 Raymond A. Dwek, 2 and Ghislain Opdenakker 1 1 Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium; 2 The Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, UK * Correspondence to Ghislain Opdenakker, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10. B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. e-mail: ghislain.opdenakker@rega.kuleuven.ac.be Abbreviations Aβ 1-40 , amyloid-β peptide (1-40); ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; AP-1/2, activating protein-1/ 2; APMA, 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate; ARDS, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 or MEKK5; ATF, activating transcription factor; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma proto-oncogene-2; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; c-, cellular; CAM, cell adhe- sion molecule; cAMP, adenosine-3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate; Cdc42, cell division cycle 42 pro- tein; ConA, concanavalin A; cPLA2, cytoplasmatic phospholipase A2; CREB, cAMP response element binding protein; CTAP-III, connective tissue activating peptide-III; DAG, diacylglycerol; E1A, adenovirus type A early gene; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ECM, extracellular matrix; EGF, epidermal growth factor; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ERB, EGF receptor B; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ET-1, endothelin-1; Ets, E26 avian erythroblastosis virus proto-oncogene; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; fMLP, formyl-methionyl- leucyl-phenylalanine; GAS, gamma interferon-activated sequence; GCP-2, granulocyte chemotac- tic protein-2; Gp, glycoprotein; GRO-α, growth-related oncogene-α; GTPase, guanosine triphos- phatase; HGF/SF, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HTLV-1, human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1; ICAM-1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1; IFN, interferon; IFNAR, IFN-α/β receptor; ISRE, IFN-stimulated regulatory element; IKK, IκB kinase; IL- , interleukin-; JAK, Janus-protein tyrosine kinase; JNK/SAPK , c-jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase; LFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTB4, leukotriene B4; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPKAPK, MAPK-activated protein kinase; MAPKK, MAPK kinase; MAPKKK, MAPKK kinase; MEK/MKK, MAPK/ERK kinase; MEKK, MEK kinase; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MPO, myeloperoxidase; MT-MMP, membrane-type MMP; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin; NIK, NF-κB-inducing kinase; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PEA3, polyomavirus enhancer A-binding protein-3; PECAM, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; PF-4, platelet factor-4; PGE2, prostaglandin E 2 ; PI-3K, phophatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKA, protein kinase A; PKC, protein kinase C; PMA, phorbol 12- myristate 13-acetate; PTK, protein tyrosine kinase; Ras, rat sarcoma oncogene; RBE, retinoblas- toma binding element; RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; SDF-1, stromal-cell derived factor-1; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacryla- Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 183.218.1.170 on 05/20/14 For personal use only.