Modeling, control and power management of hybrid photovoltaic fuel cells with battery bank supplying electric vehicle Zahra Mokrani, Djamila Rekioua, Toufik Rekioua* Laboratoire LTII, Universite de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria article info Article history: Received 22 February 2014 Received in revised form 26 March 2014 Accepted 27 March 2014 Available online xxx Keywords: Hybrid power system Photovoltaic Fuel cells Battery Power management Electric vehicle abstract In this paper, modeling, control and power management (PM) of hybrid Photovoltaic Fuel cell/Battery bank system supplying electric vehicle is presented. The HPS is used to pro- duce energy without interruption. It consists of a photovoltaic generator (PV), a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and a battery bank supplying an electric vehicle of 3 kW. In our work, PV and PEMFC systems work in parallel via DC/DC converter and the battery bank is used to store the excess of energy. The mathematical model topology and it power management of HPS with battery bank system supplying electric vehicle (EV) are the significant contribution of this paper. Obtained results under Matlab/Simulink and some experimental ones are presented and discussed. Copyright ª 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Hybrid power systems are used to supply loads and ensure load demand without interruption. We can use different sources, conventional ones as coal, natural gazes, fossils fuels,. or renewables ones as solar, wind, hydraulic,. [1e13]. In addition to energy, a hybrid system may also include a DC or AC converters, a storage system, and a control system for power management. All these components can be connected in different architectures. The electric vehicle in the auto- motive field is the cleanest and most environmentally friendly transport solution. Also, it overcomes the noise since there is almost none noise. In fact, an electric car is really ecological if the electrical energy consumed is produced from renewable energy sources as solar, wind, hydro,.. However, these renewable sources are intermittent, why a storage system must be inserted. Generally we use batteries. Electric vehicles with batteries already exist and are have autonomy less than 200 km. These last years, manufacturers are interested to hydrogen or fuel cell vehicle which can have autonomy of 400e800 km depending on car models, and which produces less carbon dioxide (g/km). A fuel cell works as a battery. It stores energy but as hydrogen. It react hydrogen with the oxygen in the air to obtain water and energy. However, extracting hydrogen from air or water requires twice as much energy as the use of battery in electric vehicle, thus the cost of hydrogen production is high. It will be interesting to use another source of energy as solar. The present work is dedicated to a study of hybrid photo- voltaic/Fuel Cells system supplying an electric vehicle with bat- tery bank. The advantages of each source used, allow us to obtain * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: to_reki@yahoo.fr, t_rekioua@yahoo.fr (T. Rekioua). Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/he international journal of hydrogen energy xxx (2014) 1 e10 Please cite this article in press as: Mokrani Z, et al., Modeling, control and power management of hybrid photovoltaic fuel cells with battery bank supplying electric vehicle, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijhydene.2014.03.215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.215 0360-3199/Copyright ª 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.