i ti f c n e C i o c n S f l e a r n e o n i c t e a 2 n r 0 e 1 t 1 n I ISC 2011 Proceeding of the International Conference on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 2011 Hotel Equatorial Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia, 14 - 15 January 2011 ISBN 978-983-42366-4-9 ISC 2011 International Conference on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology ICASEIT 2011 Cutting Edge Sciences for Future Sustainability Hotel Equatorial Bangi-Putrajaya, Malaysia, 14 - 15 January 2011 Organized by Indonesian Students Association Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Proceeding of the Analysis of Mobile Phone Antenna Performance within the Head and Hand Phantoms Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque 1,2 , Mohammad Tariqul Islam 1 , Norbahiah Misran 1,2 1 Institute of Space Science (ANGKASA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: rashedgen@yahoo.com Abstract— This paper proposes the effect of the hand-hold position on the electromagnetic (EM) wave interaction of a candy bar type and clamshell type cellular handset and a human head and hand is investigated. The human hand influences the performance of terminal antennas, and it is the main cause for absorption and detuning. In spite of its importance in mobile-phone design and validation processes, it is still complicated to take it into account because a lack of knowledge in the area. In this paper, a rigorous investigation methodology is described for the study of candy bar, and clam shell mobile phone CAD model is used to numerically investigate the effect of hand phantom of mobile phone antenna radiation performance. The simulation results show that mobile phone grip styles of the hand phantom material properties, wrist and length, and hand phantom sizes and different positions is the important parameter to antenna performance. The grip style has direct implications in the definition of phantom head. The preference of the handset with respect to the side of the user’s head depends on the mobile phone form factor and size. The results established high reliability and suitability for providing decision rationale for the design of complex high-end multi-band mobile phones. Keywords— antenna closeness factors, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, hand phantom, mobile communication. I. INTRODUCTION Recently, cellular handset manufacturers producing developed types come in a diversity of shapes, or forms, such as; candy bar, clamshell, slider, swivel and flip-type, where most of these types can adopt either external or built-in antennas. For certain frequency, input power, antenna configuration and handset position with respect to user’s head, the induced SAR in head tissues may differ according to handset type. These days, standards do not consider yet a specific “hand phantom” mainly because of the large number of grip positions and practical issues [1], [2]. In the past, the absence of the hand was partly justified for specific absorption rate (SAR) investigations, considering the overestimation of its value in the head, there is conservative view [3], [4]. The human hand consists of several materials that are responsible of electromagnetic (EM) energy absorption [5]. However recent studies showed that the presence of the user hand also changes the RF performance of cellular phones [4- 7].Therefore, there is need to include a hand phantom in these tests, with repeatable hand positioning and support to predict mobile phone performance reliably. In order to define the hand phantom geometry and the position of the hand with respect to the head and the phone, detailed investigations of different setups have to be performed. This led us to perform some preliminary investigations using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), discovering that the grip style strongly influences the communication performances; a comprehensive grip study may be the key to provide more accurate phantom hand models. Handheld units may have different inclinations with respect to the side of the user’s head [6-9]. The objectives of this paper, we also present statistics on how people hold mobile phones for talk and data modes, also giving guidelines for further studies concerning the implications in the definitions of a phantom head. Also this paper are to determine the effect of different hand models and use patterns on RF performance in terms on radiation parameters such as efficiency, Total Radiated Power (TRP). The RF dielectric properties and materials composition of the hand, the grip of the hand on the phone and the size of the hand will be investigated. II. MATERIALS AND METHOD The FDTD based electromagnetic simulation tool SEMCAD 363