A reply to ‘Why nursing has not embraced the
clinician-scientist role’ by Martha MacKay: nursing science
and the postmodern menace
Gary Rolfe PhD MA BSc RMN PGCEA
Professor of Nursing, School of Health Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
I read with interest the recent prize-winning post-
graduate essay by Martha Mackay on why nursing has
not embraced the clinician-scientist role (Mackay,
2009). This is an important issue for nursing, and the
paper posed some valid questions about the nature of
nursing knowledge and the relationship between
theory, research, and practice. Although there is
limited scope for Mackay to present a full and thor-
ough examination of all the issues in a journal paper
of this length, I was somewhat disappointed in the
way that certain lines of inquiry were rapidly shut
down or simply not addressed. The primary assump-
tion running throughout her paper appears to be an
acceptance that nursing practice and research share
an agenda with medicine, and that the clinician-
scientist role developed in medicine of a 75–25 split
between research and practice/education is the only
viable model. The premise, then, is that the medical
model of the ‘career scientist with portions of time
also devoted to clinical practice and education . . .
offers a unique perspective from which good nursing
science can proceed’ (Mackay, 2009, p. 288), and the
aim of Mackay’s paper was therefore to explore the
factors ‘that might help to explain the limited uptake
within nursing of the clinician-scientist role’ (p. 288).
This assumption effectively blocks other, perhaps
more fundamental questions, such as whether nursing
would actually benefit from such a role, and if so,
whether other models of the ‘clinician-scientist’ might
be more appropriate. However, to cut a long story
short, Mackay’s conclusion is that resistance to the
uptake of the clinician-scientist role is due to a lack of
consensus regarding what kind of science nursing is
and a confusion about the relative status of different
types of nursing knowledge. Furthermore, it would
appear that ‘post-modern thought may be at least
partly responsible for the impasse in naming and
agreeing upon nursing approach(es) to science and
knowledge’ (Mackay, 2009, p. 294). The last third of
Mackay’s paper is therefore devoted to a one-sided
and overwhelmingly negative critique of this ‘post-
modern thought’.
I suppose that I should have seen this coming.
Postmodernism has become a bête noire in nursing
and other disciplines as a cause for the failure of
modernism to deliver on its promise. The argument,
which is repeated here by Mackay, is that certain
‘postmodernist’ writers have introduced doubts in
the minds of good people about the modernist
promise of inexorable progress through science.
When the promise is not delivered, rather than
question the relevance or efficacy of the scientific
method, the blame is located with those who do ask
questions of science for weakening the resolve of the
faithful. Thus, postmodernism has led ‘practitioners
in general and nurses in clinical practice in particular
to mistrust theory and the research enterprise’
(Mackay, 2009, p. 294). It is perhaps worth noting
that, as well as implicating my own writing in incit-
ing practitioners to mistrust theory and research,
Mackay cites a paper by Donna Perry in support of
this view. Strangely, there is no mention in Perry’s
paper of postmodernism or of any writers who might
be seen as postmodernists, and while Perry does
indeed identify the problem of the mistrust by prac-
titioners of ‘academic’ nurses, she concludes that
while nursing theory contributes to the problem, the
solution lies in how ‘philosophy might be used to
reconcile nursing science, theory and practice into a
coherent whole’ (Perry, 2004, p. 68).
Commentary
136 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Nursing Philosophy (2010), 11, pp. 136–140