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INTERVENTION BIOETHICS:
A PROPOSAL FOR PERIPHERAL
COUNTRIES IN A CONTEXT OF
POWER AND INJUSTICE
VOLNEI GARRAFA AND DORA PORTO
ABSTRACT
The bioethics of the so-called ‘peripheral countries’ must preferably be con-
cerned with persistent situations, that is, with those problems that are still
happening, but should not happen anymore in the 21
st
century. Result-
ing conflicts cannot be exclusively analysed based on ethical (or bioethi-
cal) theories derived from ‘central countries.’ The authors warn of the
growing lack of political analysis of moral conflicts and of human indig-
nation. The indiscriminate utilisation of the bioethics justification as a
neutral methodological tool softens and even cancels out the seriousness
of several problems, even those that might result in the most profound
social distortions. The current study takes as a theoretical reference the
fact that natural resources (which all of us are) are finite, and that cor-
poreal, pleasurable and painful matters (which affect us all) are relevant.
Based on these premises, and on the concept that equity means ‘treating
unevenly the unequal’, a proposal of a hard bioethics (or intervention
bioethics) is introduced, in defence of the historical interests and rights of
economically and socially excluded populations that are separated from
the international developmental process.
From the 90s, new critical and theoretical perspectives emerged
in the bioethics context.
1
This questioning has brought to
Bioethics ISSN 0269-9702 (print); 1467-8519 (online)
Volume 17 Numbers 5–6 2003
1
D. Clouser & B. Gert. Critique of Principlism. J Med Phil 1990; 15: 219–236;
S. Holm. Not just Autonomy – the Principles of American Biomedical Ethics. J
Med Ethics 1995; 21: 332–338; B. Gert, C. Culver & D. Clouser. 1997. Principlism.
In Bioethics: a Return to Fundamentals. New York/Oxford. Oxford University Press:
71–92.