1 Luminescence of Nanodiamond Driven by Atomic Functionalization: Towards Novel Biomolecular Detection Principles Vladimíra Petráková 1 , Andrew J. Taylor 2 , Irena Kratochvílová 2 , František Fendrych 2 , Jiří Vacík 3 , Jan Kučka 3 , Petr Cígler 4 , Miroslav Ledvina 4 , Anna Fišerová 5 , Peter Kneppo 1 and Miloš Nesládek 5 1 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Sítná sq. 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, Prague 8, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, 250 68 Rez near Prague, Czech Republic 4 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic 5 Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic 6 IMOMEC division, IMEC, Institute for Materials Research, University Hasselt, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium vladimira.petrakova@fbmi.cvut.cz, taylor@fzu.cz, krat@fzu.cz, fendrych@fzu.cz, vacik@ujf.cas.cz,