Research Article Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Aquatic Stages Development Comparison between Insectary and Semifield Structure Eliningaya J. Kweka, 1,2,3 Filemoni Tenu, 3,4 Frank Magogo, 3,4 and Leonard E. G. Mboera 3,5 1 Division of Livestock and Human Health Disease Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Mosquito Section, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania 2 Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania 3 Pan African Mosquito Control Association (PAMCA), P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 4 National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania 5 National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Correspondence should be addressed to Eliningaya J. Kweka; pat.kweka@gmail.com Received 18 September 2014; Revised 10 December 2014; Accepted 10 December 2014 Academic Editor: Cleber Galv˜ ao Copyright © 2015 Eliningaya J. Kweka et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Efective malaria vector control initiatives need a clear understanding of mosquito behaviour and its ecology. his study compared larvae development to adult emergence in insectary and malaria-sphere (SFS). his is the preliminary study which gives an insight to forthcoming studies. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto eggs were hatched in insectary and transferred in densities of 20 and 50 per microhabitat with twenty replicates of each density. Both densities of larvae were reared in semiield structure and in insectary from the same batch of eggs. hey were provided with tetramin ish food. In both densities of 20 and 50, pupation rate and time were found to be similar in SFS and insectary, but, in survivorship from larvae to pupae at density of 50, more larvae survived signiicantly to pupae stage in SFS than in insectary ( = 0.002). he adult emergence rates were similar for densities of 20 and 50 between SFS and Insectary. here was a signiicant diference between SFS and insectary in light intensity ( = 0.001) and temperatures ( = 0.001), with SFS having higher rates than insectary. he indings of this study have shown that larvae development rates are encouraging having semiield structures for malaria vector rearing for behavioural studies toward malaria control. 1. Background Currently, malaria vectors control activities have succeeded in shrinking vector distribution map in diferent areas across Africa [1–3]. Malaria vector control programmes mainly involve insecticides treated nets and indoor residual spray programmes of which most are pyrethroid based [4–6]. he two methods have sufered major drawbacks due to mush- rooming of pyrethroid resistance within vector populations [6–10] and vectors house entry behavioural changes [3]. Additional techniques such as larvae source management strategy [11–13] and mass trapping of adult vector outdoors [14, 15] have added value but not to zero vector population or malaria transmission. Several behavioural studies such as trial of novel pesti- cides, repellent, fungicides, and treated materials need high number of mosquitoes from insectary to serve as control. In other studies, sterile insect technique (SIT), which is regarded to be environmentally safe for disease vectors control and very practical in isolated areas such as islands, needs very high number of mosquitoes for it to be realised [16]. In El Salvador, a range of 0.5 to 1.25 million sterile male pupae were released on daily bases from 1977 to 1979 during the SIT programme against Anopheles albimanus [17–19]. A million sterile males of An. arabiensis were released per day for one year, in Sudan [20]. his technique has been very impressive in Tsetse ly elimination in Zanzibar [21]. In all SIT trials, the success of the programme depends on massive release of sterile males. To achieve and maintain massive release of adults, mass rearing infrastructure which ensures high survivorship of the larvae to adult at sustainable and afordable production in African setting is therefore required. he immature stages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Zoology Volume 2015, Article ID 720365, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/720365