Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 18: 166–176 (2008) DOI: 10.1002/cbm Filicide: A comparative study of maternal versus paternal child homicide Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 18: 166–176 (2008) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/cbm.695 MARIEKE LIEM 1 AND FRANS KOENRAADT 1,2 , 1 Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2 Pieter Baan Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands ABSTRACT Background Filicide is the murder of a child by a parent. Historically, filicide was regarded as a female crime, but nowadays, in the West, men have become increasingly likely to be convicted of killing their child. Previous research on filicide has primarily focussed on either maternal or paternal filicide rather than comparing the two. Aim The aim of our study is to examine and compare the socio-demographic, environmental and psychopathological factors underlying maternal and paternal filicide. Methods Data were extracted from records in a forensic psychiatric observation hos- pital in Utrecht, in the Netherlands for the period 1953–2004. Results Seventy-nine men and 82 women were detained in the hospital under crimi- nal charges in that period, having killed (132) or attempted to kill (29) their own child(ren). Differences between men and women were found with regard to age, methods of killing and motivation underlying the filicide. Conclusions The categories of filicide identified corresponded to those in studies from other countries, indicating that filicide follows similar patterns throughout the Western world. The fact that 25% of fathers had killed in reaction to threatened separation or divorce, and that over a third of men and more than half of the women were mentally ill at the time may suggest that increased monitoring by primary care physicians under such circumstances might have preventive value. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Introduction Filicide is a term used to denote the killing of one’s child. Subcategories are neonaticide, when the victim does not survive the first 24 hours of life (Resnick, 1970), and infant homicide when the child is under one year at the time of death. In some countries infanticide is a verdict which applies only to the mother.