Short communication
Protein and allergen content of various
natural latex articles
Baur X, Chen Z, Raulf-Heitnsoth M, Degens P. Prole
eontent of various natural latex articles.
Allergy 1997: 52: 661-664. © Munksgaard 1997.
potential setisitizers. In the present work, we quantified the releasable
proteiti atul allergeti eontents in 37 brands of lalex gloves and 26 other
latex produets. Our results deniotistrate the presetiee of widely varied
proteiti and allergen contents iti various latex artieles and the laek of a
eorrelation between the protein and allergen values. These findings
may assist hospital tiianagement and niedieal staff to take el'feetive
preventive measures.
X. Baur, Z. Chen,
M. Raulf-Heimsoth, P. Degens
Institute for Occupational Medicine (BGFA),
Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Key words: allergy; glov
Prof Dr, med, X, Baur
BGFA
Burkle-de-la-Camp-Plat
D-44789 Bochum
Germany
Accepted for publicatio
Type I allergy fo profeins released by articles made
of natural latex has becotne a growing problem in
recent years (1-8). High-risk populatiotis include
medica] staff and patients with spina bifida or
urogenital disorders undergoing multiple medical
investigations and operations. Latex proteins cause
sensitization due to direct skin contact as well
as to inhalative uptake after absorption of glove
powder that has become airborne (6, 9-13).
Because of different production procedures, which
include protein degradation and/or leaching by
various tnethods, a broad range of allergens exists
in latex-made products. Our study aimed to tiieas-
ure releasable allergens and proteins frotn com-
mercially available gloves and other latex articles.
Material and methods
The amount of total water-extractable proteins
associated with natural rubber products was deter-
mined by the modified Lowry tnethod, according
to the recotnmendation of the American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (the standard
test tnethod for analyzing proteins in natural rub-
ber and its products; ASTM D 5712-95, Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 14.02, June 1995).
Briefly, 6-10 g of latex glove tnaterial or other latex
products was cut into small pieces (=«<1 cnr) and
extracted in distilled water (8 ml per gram of
natural rubber specimen) for 2 h at 37°C. After
removal of rubber particles by centrifugation at
1000 g for 10 tnin, the extract containing aqueous
soluble proteins was passed through a low protein-
binding filter (Millipore) of 0.45 |itn pore size. For
removal of the interfering substances, a precipita-
tion of proteins in the extract was carried out by
adding 0.1 tnl of 0.15% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate
(DOC) to 1 ml of test protein extract. After vor-
texing and standing for 10 min at room tetnpera-
ture, 0.1 ml of 72% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid
(TCA) and 0.1 ml of 72% (w/v) phosphotutigstic
acid (PTA) were added. After another 20 min at
rootn temperature, the extract mixture was centti-
fuged for 15 tnin at 6000 g, and the supernatant was
t emoved. The protein pellet was completely redis-
solved in 0.1 N NaOH. The protein content was
then detertnined with a Lowry reagents kit from
Bio-Rad (catalog no. 500-0116) and the ovalbumin
as standard protein.
Tlie quantitative analysis of latex allergens in
the extracts of latex articles was achieved by a
competitive RAST-immunoinhibition assay using
the Pharmacia CAP System. As source antibodies,
a serutn pool (latex-lgE value: 11.4 kU/1 in CAP)
from five latex-allergic health-care workers was used.
All five patients were shown by clinical history to
have suffered frotn workplace-related urticaria, and
four also had rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and bronchial