Chapter 2 Articulating the Right to the City: Working-class Neo-Nationalism in Postsocialist Cluj, Romania Norbert Petrovici Introduction: Cluj against ‘Groupism’ in Contemporary Social Theory In the wake of the collapse of socialism, ethno-nationalist conlicts appeared as a major issue in the realignment of East European politics and identity. Yet the East European case was not entirely exceptional. The 1990s came with a strong tide of ethno-nationalist resurgence in many places, including Western Europe. Some of the literature has pointed out the afinity between the new nationalist wave and the current phase of neoliberal globalization and its associated migrations, as counter-movements are often encoded in the language of ethno- or religious-nationalism and localism (Comaroff and Comaroff 2001a, 2001b; Wimmer and Schiller 2002, 2003; Appadurai 2006; Schiller and Caglar 2009). Moreover, in the neoliberal accumulation regimes, class and marginality tend to be constituted in the language of cultural identity (Schiller, Basch and Blanc 1995; Comaroff 1996; Comaroff and Comaroff 1999; Friedman 2003), whereas nationalist entrepreneurs often capitalize exactly on reacting against the new patterns of inequalities produced by global lows of migration, money, investment and disinvestment (Gingrich and Banks 2006). The current debate focuses on, among things, the sharp opposition between, on the one hand, the particular brands of elite cosmopolitan languages, praxis and projects, and the autochthonous, primordial and indigenous idioms of the segregated groups of dispossessed on the other (Appadurai 2006; Beck 2007; Ossewaarde 2007; Turner 2007). However, in order to understand the way discourses of nation and ethnicity are reframed under current conditions, we need to question how discourses and loyalties of nation and ethnicity actually function as everyday categories