Book Reviews 797 character of the contemporary political debate, this one volume of political writings of James Mill gives good help to answering the question. Among six essays collected here at least two, on Government and on Education, have so far been accessible to general readers. But taking each separately, these two essays give a rather confused impression as to the notion of a human being Mill seems to have had. No one will mistake that the whole argument of the former is based upon the assumption of the zero-sum relationship of the interests of members within a given political society. Equally everyone will find in the latter Mill insisting on the almost infinite possibility of progress of human morality. Temperance, fortitude, justice, generosity and intelligence are emphasised as not only the desirable but the attainable goal of education by means of constant manipulation of the association of ideas. Laws of benevolence, and not that of hedonistic ego-centrism of mechanistic utilitarianism seem to be its basic tone. On considering the historical character of the political thought of Mill, the other four essays in this anthology, i.e. Jurisprudence, Liberty of the Press, Prisons and Prison Discipline and The Ballot are very useful for filling this gap. If one reads these four keeping in mind the fact that the Essay on Government had a somewhat delicate bearing on the parliamentary reform of 1832, one will find that they abundantly suggest the elements which unite those apparently incoherent two essays, and that it was the republican populism carried by the vehicle of the language of utilitarianism that was persistent in Mill’s thinking. Mill was unchangingly on the side of community. He defended the liberty of the press as the sole effective means of letting people know and thereby preventing the corruption of governments. His words in the concluding paragraphs of The Ballot that if the ruling class had sufficient motives for the good of the people, ‘we should then have a community through which wisdom and virtue would be universally diffused; and of which the different classes would be knit together by the ties of mutual benefaction’ (p. 267) sounds almost Godwinian. In this sense, Macaulay’s ironical exhortation to Mill that Mill should sing more honestly ‘the old republican cant’ (Appendix, p. 303) comes to the point accurately. Despite Macaulay’s harsh attack on Mill for being too deductionist and apriori, these six essays help us understand that in politics Mill ignored neither experience nor the inductionist method. They also help us realise that he did not ignore the importance of reputation as Macaulay criticised him for having done so, and that the real antagonism between the two did not so much lie in these methodological points as in the idea of polity each thought desirable. The Bibliographical Note in the Introduction is particularly useful. Tokyo Metropolitan University Takamaro Hanzawa To Die for Germany: Heroes in the Nazi Pantheon, Jay W. Baird (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990), xvii+ 329 pp., $35.00. Jay Baird has found a very good subject for a book. Questions of memory and memory- making have come to the forefront of a certain kind of cultural history, especially in the fluid interdisciplinary domain of cultural studies, where historians, anthropologists, literary critics, art historians and others have increasingly found some common ground. How the past becomes addressed, appropriated and worked into varying representational