Research Article
Wood-Reinforced Polyphthalamide Resins: MultiFunctional
Composite Coating for Metal Substrates
M. Barletta,
1
G. Rubino,
2
V. Tagliaferri,
1
F. Trovalusci,
3
and S. Vesco
1
1
Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa, Universit` a degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1-00133 Roma, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Economia e Impresa, Universit` a degli Studi della Tuscia, Via del Paradiso, 47-01100 Viterbo, Italy
3
Universit` a Niccol` o Cusano, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi, 3-00166-Roma, Italy
Correspondence should be addressed to M. Barletta; barletta@ing.uniroma2.it
Received 25 February 2014; Accepted 30 June 2014; Published 20 August 2014
Academic Editor: Jose Ramon Leiza
Copyright © 2014 M. Barletta et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Protective layers were deposited on aluminum substrates by dipping them inside a luidized bed (FB) of wood and polyphthalamide
powders. he experimental investigation looked into the inluence of the main process parameters (number and composition of
superimposed layers, heating temperature, and dipping time) on the visual appearance, scratch adhesion, wear resistance, and
thermal insulation of the resulting coatings. Micromechanical and tribological responses of the coatings were signiicantly improved
by the efect of the wooden particles dispersed inside the polyphthalamide binder. An improvement of the thermal insulation was
also achieved whatever the setting of the process parameters. Further, the coatings displayed good adhesion to the substrate and
wear endurance.
1. Introduction
In recent years, specialty powder paints have been continu-
ously developed to face the increasing demands of high stan-
dards in terms of aesthetic and functional performance of the
industrial coatings. Powder coatings are widely used in difer-
ent ields, from automotive to electrical industry, and repre-
sent more than 10% of the market [1]. Among functional coat-
ings, the interest in protective and thermal insulating ilms
for metallic substrates is increased, since they can feature
simultaneously long lasting and energy saving characteristics.
he research main goal in this ield is to improve not only
the material but also the coating technologies, with particu-
lar regard to the process sustainability and costs (e.g., reduc-
tion in pollutant solvent-borne primer and expensive surface
activation processes).
In this context, the interest in luidized bed (FB) coating
process is increased, because of the advantages it allows: sig-
nificant savings and environmental safety, feasibility on com-
plex geometries, and the need for basic equipment, which can
be easily scaled up and fully automated.
he irst application of this technology was in the 1970s,
when FB coating in the earliest studies of Richart [2, 3]
and Pettigrew [4, 5] was proved to be a cost-efective and
environmental friendly alternative to traditional painting
processes. Since then, more sophisticated FB processes were
developed to coat also large volumes of small and complex
shaped parts. In the past decade, electrostatic FB was applied
by Ali and Inculet [6, 7] to deposit thermosetting powder
coatings onto rotors. In addition, Leong et al. [8, 9] developed
a wide range of analytical and numerical models to simulate
the deposition process inside a FB of thermoplastic powders.
More recently, Barletta et al. looked into FB coating process
using new generation of coatings materials and investigating
the relationship among process parameters, FB hydrodynam-
ic behaviour, and material properties [10, 11]. Understand-
ing of the physical mechanisms involved in the deposition
process and the development of operational maps which are
very useful to the practitioners for automation and control
were depicted in those analyses [12].
Despite the increasing scientiic interest in the FB, such
technology is still poorly used in the industrial practice
because of being troublesome in coating of complex shaped
parts, expensive downtime during color change, and draw-
backs in the abatement of the elutriated powders. hus,
FB is so far devoted to speciic application where specialty
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
International Journal of Polymer Science
Volume 2014, Article ID 494068, 11 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/494068