Method to our madness: an 18-year retrospective analysis on gastroschisis closure Derek Banyard a , Theresa Ramones b , Sharon E. Phillips c , Charles M. Leys d , Thomas Rauth e , Edmund Y. Yang f, ⁎ a Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD 21201, USA b Office of Student Affairs, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA c Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA d Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA e Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA f Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA Received 27 March 2009; revised 31 July 2009; accepted 5 August 2009 Key words: Gastroschisis; Preformed silo; Primary repair; Regression analysis; NECnecrotizing enteroco- litis; NICUneonatal intensive care unit; TPNtotal parenteral nutri- tion.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Abstract Background: The advent of preformed silos has facilitated routine bedside placement often without any attempt of intestinal reduction. It is unclear whether a strategy of routine silo (RS) placement with delayed fascial repair is beneficial over attempted primary repair (aPR) and silo placement only for those patients who cannot be reduced. We retrospectively compared clinical outcomes of neonates having aPR to those having RS placement to determine the impact of routine silo use and silo duration on gastroschisis care. Methods: Neonatal records from patients with gastroschisis at a single children's hospital between 1990 and 2008 were reviewed. Demographic and outcome data were recorded and subjected to statistical analyses. Documentation of attempted intestinal reduction was used as a surrogate marker for aPR. The remaining patients were placed in the RS group. Results: Two hundred forty-eight neonates with gastroschisis were identified. Thirteen were excluded for congenital or clinical issues which precluded aPR. Of the remaining 235 patients, neonates with RS had significantly more ventilator days (6.2 vs 4.4; P = .0011), more time of total parenteral nutrition (36.5 vs. 28.5; P = .0018), longer length of stay (LOS, 46.5 vs. 40.5; P = .0011), and greater hospital charges ($216,000 vs $172,000; P b .0001) than patients who had aPR. There was no significant difference observed in complications or survival. Linear regression modeling demonstrated that time to closure was significantly related to LOS as an independent variable. Each day to closure was associated with 2.2 extra days of hospitalization and approximately $9557 in hospital charges. Conclusion: Although limited by retrospective biases, this study demonstrates that time to closure is the most significant variable related to LOS in gastroschisis. This relationship is intuitive since longer time to closure is probably determined by the severity of gastroschisis. The method of closure, by primary Abbreviations: aPR, attempted primary repair; PR, primary repair; RS, routine silo; LOS, length of stay; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; TPN, total parenteral nutrition. ⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 314 577 5629; fax: +1 314 268 6454. E-mail address: eyang2@slu.edu (E.Y. Yang). www.elsevier.com/locate/jpedsurg Key words: Gastroschisis; Preformed silo; Primary repair; Regression analysis 0022-3468/$ – see front matter © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.08.004 Journal of Pediatric Surgery (2010) 45, 579–584