David in the Service of King Achish of Gath:
Renegade to His People or a Fith Column
in the Philistine Army?*
Yael Shemesh
Ramat Gan, Israel
Abstract
he biblical presentation of David’s ostensible willingness to ight on the side of the Philistines
against Israel (1 Sam. xxvii-xxix) is examined. hrough a literary analysis it is shown that
David is not depicted as intending to betray Saul and Israel. On the contrary, the narrator
provides many hints that the Philistine commanders’ assessment of David is correct and that
had he not been sent away he would have fought against the Philistines and for Israel. His
dismissal, instigated by the Philistine commanders, is compatible with the divine plan for
Israel’s defeat, the destruction of the House of Saul, and David’s succeeding Saul on the throne
of Israel (1 Sam. xxviii 16-19).
Keywords
David, Philistines
I. Introduction
he corpus of stories referred to in the scholarly literature as ‘the History of
David’s Rise’ (HDR) (1 Sam. xvi-2 Sam. v) includes the rather embarrassing
incident of David’s desertion, with his private band of 600 ighters, to the
land of the Philistines, Israel’s most implacable enemy (1 Sam. xxvii 1-2).
1
Most troubling is David’s failure to demur at Achish’s order that he join him
*
)
All biblical passages are rendered according to the New JPS translation, unless otherwise
indicated.
1)
Just how embarrassing the story is may be inferred from the fact that Pseudo-Philo, the
author of Biblical Antiquities, omitted the story from his work.
© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2007 DOI: 10.1163/156853307X167864
Vetus Testamentum 57 (2007) 73-90 www.brill.nl/vt
Vetus
Testamentum