Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Montreal, Canada, July 31 - August 4, 2005
On the Design of an Ellipsoid ARTMAP Classifier
within the Fuzzy Adaptive System ART Framework
Ross Peralta
Electrical & Computer Eng. '
rperalta@fit.edu
Georgios C. Anagnostopoulos
Electrical & Computer Eng. l
georgio@fit.edu
Eduardo Gomez-Sanchez
Comm. & Telematics2
edugom@tel.uva.es
Samuel Richie
Electrical Eng.3
richie@mail.ucf.edu
'Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901
2University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain 47011
3University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
Abstract - In this paper we present the design of Fuzzy Adaptive
System Ellipsoid ARTMAP (FASEAM), a novel neural
architecture based on Ellipsoid ARTMAP (EAM) that is
equipped with concepts utilized in the Fuzzy Adaptive System
ART (FASART) architecture. More specifically, we derive a new
category choice function appropriate for EAM categories that is
non-constant in a category's representation region. Additionally,
we augment the EAM category description with a centroid
vector, whose learning rate is inversely proportional to the
number of training patterns accessing the category. Finally, we
demonstrate the merits of our design choices by comparing
FASART, EAM and FASEAM in terms of generalization
performance and final structural complexity on a set of
classification problems.
I. INTRODUCTION
Adaptive resonance theory (ART) based neural networks
constitute a large family of neural architectures that have been
used in a plethora of applications ranging from data
clustering, classification and function approximation tasks.
They are all based on the ART paradigm first introduced in
[1] and feature a variety of highly desirable properties, like
the ability of incremental (online) learning, network response
transparency and fast training phase. A characteristic of these
networks is that they summarize the input data into clusters
via the use of prototypes called categories, whose geometrical
representation may vary (depending on the particular
architecture) from being hyper-rectangles, hyper-spheres or
hyper-ellipsoids embedded in the input space.
A member of the ART-based family is the Fuzzy
Adaptive System ART (FASART) architecture, which was
first presented in [2] as an enhancement to the standard Fuzzy
ARTMAP (FAM) network [3]. FASART networks have also
been successfully used for function approximation, data
clustering, as well as classification tasks; see for example [4]
and [5]. Both FAM and FASART employ categories, whose
geometric representations are hyper-rectangles. However,
FASART extends FAM by equipping categories with an
additional centroid element and by introducing a new,
parameterized category choice function (CCF). In FAM, the
CCF value is constant within a category's representation
region (see [6] for related definitions), while in FASART it
monotonically decreases from 1 (at the centroid) to 0 beyond
the boundaries of the category's representation region.
Furthermore, while FAM's CCF depends on the category's
size and the distance of the pattern from the category's
representation region, in FASART the CCF depends on the
distance of the pattern from the centroid and, implicitly, on
the size of the category in a component-wise fashion. In this
manner, FASART categories are appropriately defined as
fuzzy sets and the CCF's value with respect to a pattern can
be interpreted as its normalized, fuzzy membership in that
fuzzy set. This permits the dual interpretation of FASART as
a neural model as well as a formal fuzzy logic inference
system, which is not the case for FAM according to [7].
Yet another ART-based architecture is Ellipsoid
ARTMAP (EAM) [8]. The network shares almost all
structural and behavioral features, as well as properties of
learning with FAM. While FAM and FASART categories are
represented as hyper-rectangles, EAM categories are of
hyper-ellipsoid shape, which may be more suitable for certain
learning problems. Like in the case of FAM, in EAM the CCF
is of constant value within a category's representation region.
In certain classification problem domains this CCF constancy
may lead to unsatisfactory classification performance. More
specifically, it is a known fact that patterns located inside the
representation regions of two or more categories will access
the category of the smallest size. This effect may potentially
lead to poor approximation of the decision boundaries and
could be avoided by using a CCF that is not constant within
the representation region.
This paper focuses on the design of a variant of EAM,
which we named FASEAM classifier. The relationship of
FASEAM to EAM is the same as the one of FASART to
FAM. We equip EAM categories with a centroid vector that
is adjusted according to patterns accessing the categories.
Furthermore, we derive a new CCF that is reminiscent (with
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