Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale
(FEICS): II. Reliability and Validity Studies
This article is a report on a replication
study of the reliability and validity of the
Family Emotional Involvement and Criti-
cism Scale (FEICS). A sample of 928
people (a 63% return rate for 1,480 mailed
questionnaires) participated in the study.
The sample was drawn from patients in a
Family Medicine practice. FEICS consists
of 14 items: 7 items assess Perceived
Criticism (PC) and 7 items assess Emo-
tional Involvement (EI). The scale was
developed to assess, from the receipient's
perspective; the two major variables of
Expressed Emotion (EE), which are tradi-
tionally assessed with an in-depth per-
sonal interview. PC and EI both showed
stable item structures and reliability. Cron-
bach's alpha for PC was .82, and for EI
was.76, which compare with .82 and. 74,
respectively, that we found in our original
study (50). Factor analyses examining the
t All authors are affiliated with the University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. Drs.
Shields and Harp are Assistant Professors of Family
Medicine and Psychiatry; Dr. Franks is an Associate
Professor of Family Medicine; Dr. Campbell is an
Associate Professor of Family Medicine and Psychia·
try; and Dr. McDaniel is an Associate Professor of
Psychiatry and Family Medicine. Send correspon-
dence to Dr. Shields, Department of Family Medicine,
University of Rochester/Highland Hospital, Family
Medicine Center, 885 South Avenue, Rochester NY
14620 (internet CLVS(a DBl.CC.ROCHESTEREDUl.
CLEVELAND G. SHIELDS, Ph.D.t
PETER FRANKS, M.D.
JEFFREY J. HARP, M.D.
THOMAS L. CAMPBELL, M.D.
SUSAN H. McDANIEL, Ph.D.
item stability of the two scales again found
the same factor structure as in the original
study. Additional factor analyses compar-
ing the factor structure of FEICS with
FACES III, and with two subscales of the
FAD, showed FEICS to have a stable factor
structure even when compared to other
family scales. FEleS has good criterion
validity as shown through correlational
analysis of its relationship with depressive
symptoms, anxiety, and perceived health.
Fam Syst Med 12:361-377, 1994
T
HIS article is a second report examin-
ing the reliability and validity of the
Family Emotional Involvement and Criti-
cism Scale (FEICS) that we developed in
the context of our research on families and
health 09-21, 50). FEICS was developed
to assess, from the recipient's perspective,
factors analogous to the Expressed Emo-
tion (30) factors of Critical Comments
(CC) and Emotional Overinvolvement
(EOn. A recent review (22) catalogued the
evidence that Expressed Emotion is an
important predictor variable for outcome
in schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disor-
der, and childhood depression and behav-
ioral disorders. The concept of Expressed
Emotion (EE) was originally developed in
Great Britain during studies of the home
361
Family Systems Medicine, Vol. 12, No.4, 1994 © FP, Inc.