Musicae Scientiae
17(3) 334–349
© The Author(s) 2013
Reprints and permissions:
sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav
DOI: 10.1177/1029864913493802
msx.sagepub.com
93802MSX 17 3 10.1177/1029864913493802Musicae ScientiaeFrieler et al.
Corresponding author:
Klaus Frieler, Department of Musicology, Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt Weimar, Germany.
Email: klaus.frieler@hfm-weimar.de
Absolute memory for pitch: A
comparative replication of Levitin’s
1994 study in six European labs
Klaus Frieler
Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt Weimar, Germany
Timo Fischinger
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
Kathrin Schlemmer
Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany
Kai Lothwesen
Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst, Frankfurt/M., Germany
Kelly Jakubowski
Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
Daniel Müllensiefen
Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
Abstract
In a widely cited study, Levitin (1994) suggested the existence of absolute pitch memory for music in
the general population beyond the rare trait of genuine absolute pitch (AP). In his sample, a significant
proportion of non-AP possessors were able to reproduce absolute pitch levels when asked to sing very
familiar pop songs from memory. Forty-four percent of participants sang the correct pitch on at least one
of two trials, and 12% were correct on both trials. However, until now, no replication of this study has
ever been published. The current paper presents the results of a large replication endeavour across six
different labs in Germany and the UK. All labs used the same methodology, carefully replicating Levitin’s
original experiment. In each lab, between 40 and 50 participants were tested (N = 277). Participants were
asked to sing two different pop songs of their choice. All sung productions were compared to the original
songs. Twenty-five percent of the participants sang the exact pitch of at least one of the two chosen songs
Article