Analysis of Body Mass Components in National Club Football Players in Republic of Macedoni
191
Med Arh. 2014 Jun; 68(3): 191-194
Analysis of Body Mass Components in National
Club Football Players in Republic of Macedonia
Slobodan Nikolic
1
, Lidija Todorovska
1
, Vesela Maleska
1
, Beti Dejanova
1
, Ljudmila Efremova
1
,
Vujica Zivkovic
2
, Jasmina Pluncevic-Gligoroska
1
Institute of Physiology and Anthropology, Medical Faculty, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, R. Macedonia
1
Faculty of Physical Education, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, R. Macedonia
2
Corresponding author: Jasmina Pluncevic Gligoroska MD, PhD. Institute of Physiology and Anthropology, Medical Faculty, University Ss
Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, R. Macedonia. Phone:+3897533563; e-mail: jasnapg65@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Aim: his study aims to analyze body composition in adult male football players and its changes during adulthood. Methods: Adult
male football players (n=942, mean age 24.11 ±4.69y), all members of national competitive clubs from Macedonia were included in the
study. he absolute and the relative body components were calculated: lean body mass (LBMkg), muscle mass (MMkg; MM%), bone
mass (BMkg; BM%) and fat components (FMkg; FM%), using the anthropometric protocol by Matiegka. Results: Mean values of an-
thropometric measures for all included participants were as follows: height=178.39±6.11cm; weight=77.02±7.57; LBM=65.65±6.38;
MM%=53.23±2.78; BM%=17.05±1.27; FM%=14.58±1.48. Descriptive statistics for these parameters was made for age speciic groups.
Conclusions: he results obtained could be used as reference values for adult football players in Republic of Macedonia. In the examined
age span (18-35 years) a slight increase of absolute values of all three body components has been registered with advancing age. he most
signiicant increase in the absolute values was registered for the muscle component, followed by the fat and bone components, respective-
ly. Regarding the relative values (%), the muscle and the fat components showed an equally slight positive correlation with the age increase
of 1 year, whilst the bone component decreased with advancing age .
Key words: body composition, football player, muscle mass, body fat, anthropometry.
1. INTRODUCTION
It is very important to determine the body composition
in football players since it is an essential evaluation factor
of their sport-medicine status. All high demanding sports
impose permanent need of monitoring of all parameters
that are important for every sport performance (1, 2). In
addition to the physiological, biomechanical, psycholog-
ical and cognitive variables, all morphological variables
are equally important. Anthropometry is a method that is
used very often in evaluating of all morphological aspects
of football players. his is a method which uses measur-
able values of the body surface that are applied in equa-
tions necessary for calculation of body composition (3, 4).
he body composition is divided into three compo-
nents: muscle, bone and fat. It has become an important
part of the assessment of football players. All body com-
ponents are expressed as relative values (% of the whole
body mass) as well as absolute ones (kg of the whole body
mass). Body composition analysis is an ideal method of
understanding the current status of individual’s fat and
muscle mass. It is necessary to have a baseline reference
of body components that could be used as itness mark-
ers and dietary goals. It might be hypothesized that an
increase in body fat would have a negative impact on
athletes’ performance (5, 6). he body components in
football players demonstrated better values than in the
reference group; lean body mass was higher and body fat
lower. An inverse correlation between general physical it-
ness and body fat has been found in high school athletes,
where average performance in a battery of upper and low-
er body tests was impaired by excess fat, and endurance
performance was poorer when the body fat in these young
men exceeded 10% (7). It was concluded that the body
composition is important for all elite football players, but
that homogeneity between the players in top professional
clubs resulted in small variations between individuals (8).
Morphological features and sport performances in
football players are thoroughly studied, but in spite of the
fact that there is a positive correlation between them, this
association still remains speculative. In order to present
more evidence on the association of the physical perfor-
mance and the body composition, much research has been
done in diferent sports (9, 10, 11). In one study, body mass
and fat free mass (FFM) were related to the total distance
covered in international players (12). Adult male players
had a lower percentage of body fat (BF%) compared to the
control group (10% vs. 16.7%) (13). Most of the relevant
studies have included elite or professional football players
and have examined the diferences between elite and non-
elite players. In a study conducted Hazir et al. it has been
shown that all of the players from the First Turkish League
possessed diferent body features compared to those who
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
doi: 10.5455/medarh.2014.68.191-194
Med Arh. 2014 Jun; 68(3): 191-194
Received: April 15th 2014 | Accepted: May 28th 2014
© AVICENA 2014