PRICE LINKAGES AMONG EMERGING
GOLD FUTURES MARKETS
HASAN F. BAKLACI
Izmir University of Economics, Sakarya Caddesi
No. 156, Balcova 35330, Izmir, Turkey
hasan.baklaci@ieu.edu.tr
ÖMÜR SÜER
Galatasaray University, Ciragan Caddesi
No. 36, Ortakoy 34349, Istanbul, Turkey
osuer@gsu.edu.tr
TEZER YELKENCİ
Izmir University of Economics, Sakarya Caddesi
No. 156, Balcova 35330, Izmir, Turkey
tezer.yelkenci@ieu.edu.tr
Published 17 June 2016
The gold futures in emerging markets have gained more importance in parallel to the increase in the
size of gold trading in these markets. This research aims to detect the long-run price linkages and
causality effects in these markets. China, Brazil, Russia, India, Korea, Taiwan, Turkey and Indonesia
have been selected to represent emerging markets. US and Japan are also included as benchmark
markets. The results denote the existence of long-term price dependencies and limited risk diver-
sification benefits in the sample countries. The results further signify that China and Russia are
the most isolated countries among the emerging markets sample.
Keywords: Price linkages; gold futures; emerging markets; Johansen test; vector error correction
model.
JEL Classification: G13, G15.
1. Introduction
Gold is undoubtedly the most ancient financial asset and one that still preserves its pop-
ularity and functionality. It stands as the oldest medium of exchange and store of value. In
this respect, gold served all the primary functions of money long before the introduction of
paper money and other financial instruments. Moreover, gold has been extensively used for
hedging and speculative purposes, especially during the periods of financial turmoil.
Particularly, with the introduction of gold derivatives, investors have been able to benefit
from the hedging and speculative functions of gold more effectively. The first gold futures
The Singapore Economic Review, Vol. 62, No. 2 (2016) 1650020 (21 pages)
© World Scientific Publishing Company
DOI: 10.1142/S021759081650020X
1650020-1