Building and Environment 41 (2006) 828–836 Transport and deposition of particles near a building model Chaosheng Liu, Goodarz Ahmadi à Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, N.Y. 13699-5725, USA Received 6 May 2004; received in revised form 14 June 2004; accepted 2 March 2005 Abstract Particle transport, dispersion and deposition near a building model were studied. The stress transport model of FLUENT TM code was used for simulating the mean airflow. The instantaneous turbulence fluctuating velocity was simulated by a Gaussian-filtered white-noise model. A Lagrangian particle tracking computational procedure was developed and was used for simulating particle transport and deposition in the vicinity of the building model. The computational model accounted for the drag and lift forces acting on the particle, as well as the effect of Brownian force, in addition to the gravitational sedimentation effects. For particles in the size range of 0.01–10 mm, the corresponding deposition rates on various surfaces of the building model were evaluated. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Understanding the details of particle transport, dispersion and deposition is very important for predict- ing personal exposure to atmospheric pollutants. In particular, it is necessary to analyze particle transport, dispersion and deposition processes near buildings and in street canyons in order to develop proper contamina- tion control strategies. Extensive studies related to experimental and theore- tical analyses of particle transport and deposition in turbulent flows were presented by Hinze [1], Hinds [2], Wood [3], and Papavergos and Hedley [4]. Li and Ahmadi [5,6], and Li et al. [7] performed a series of computer simulations on deposition of aerosols of various sizes from point sources and initially uniform concentration in turbulent duct flows with and without obstructions. Wang et al. [8] examined the effect of the lift force on particle deposition in vertical turbulent channel flows. Ahmadi and Chen [9] studied the particle dispersion and deposition in a turbulent pipe flow with sudden expansion. Deposition of neutral and charged particles in nearly developed turbulent duct flows was evaluated by He and Ahmadi [10]. Particle transport and deposition in industrial filter vessel were studied by Ahmadi and Smith [11] and Zhang and Ahmadi [12]. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of particle trans- port and deposition in turbulent duct flows were performed by Ounis et al. [13], Thakurta et al. [14], Zhang and Ahmadi [15] and Zhang et al. [16]. Experimental and computational studies of dispersion and deposition of pollutants were considered by a number of authors. Hoxey and Richards [17] reported the results of their study of flow patterns and pressure field around a full-scale building. Mirzai et al. [18] and Higson et al. [19] performed wind tunnel experiments concerning dispersion of gaseous pollutants around an isolated building. A numerical model for air quality simulation in a street canyon was developed by Okamoto et al. [20]. Pollutant disperion in urban street canyons was analyzed by Baik and Kim [21], and Xia and Leung [22]. Leuzzi and Monti [23] performed particle trajectory simulation of disperion around a building using a Lagrangian stochastic (LS) model. Dispersion of aerial pollutants from agricultural build- ings was simulated by Quinn et al. [24]. Ahmadi and Li [25] reported their computer simulations of particle transport and deposition near a small isolated building. ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/buildenv 0360-1323/$ - see front matter r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.03.009 à Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 315 268 2322; fax: +1 315 268 6438. E-mail address: ahmadi@clarkson.edu (G. Ahmadi).