1. Introduction Destruction of food crops or economy sustaining crops of the enemy may be termed as agri-biowarfare or in case of terrorism agri- bioterrorism. The purpose behind this kind of attack is to increase the hunger of the population and subject them to humiliation, death and disease. Manipulation of food supply or food crops by other means is also a form of bio-warfare with far reaching consequences (Sen and Omnibus, 1999). The total loss in crop production resulting from its main enemies, viz. diseases and insect pests, often reaches staggering proportions all over the world (Table 1). Table 1 : Percentage of crop produce lost because of diseases and Insect pests per year (Oerke et al., 1994). Continent / Region Loss (%) Loss (in billion of USA dollars) North and Central America 31.2 23.0 Europe 28.2 16.8 Russia 40.9 22.9 South America 41.3 21.8 Africa 48.9 12.8 Asia 47.1 145.3 * India (Dhaliwal et al., 2004) 20.4 689400 million rupees Agro-Bioterrorism : A Potential Threat and Preparedness Chapter-22 Gyan P Mishra, Raghwendra Singh 1 , Manish Bhoyar, Jitendra Kumar, Narendra Singh and RB Srivastava Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence R&D Organisation, C/o 56 APO, Leh, Ladakh, J&K, India, 901 205 1 Directorate of Weed Science Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482 004