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Chapter 1
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-6142-4.ch001
From the “Damsel in Distress”
to Girls’ Games and Beyond:
Gender and Children’s Gaming
ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors critically assess the gendered nature of the products developed by the computer
gaming industry. The chapter takes a historiographical approach to examining the nature of children’s
video and computer games as a type of toy that immerses children into current gender stereotypes even as
they hold the potential for social change. New ways of bridging the gap between stereotypes and change
is explored through a virtual world for children. In addition to an introductory section, the chapter is
organized in three main sections: First, the authors place existing computer and video games into a
broad and historical context. Second, the chapter takes into consideration feminist critiques of video
games for adults. Third, the authors analyze the case of WebkinzWorld, a toy-based social-networking
portal ofering less gendered video game environments for kids. The authors argue that this mixed method
analysis is important not only for computer game designers and marketers who aim to appeal to broad
demographics, but also for educators, parents, and caregivers who need to understand the underlying
or hidden messages of games for children.
INTRODUCTION: CHILDREN’S
GAMES IN CONTEXT
Since the early 1980s with the advent of home
computers, video and computer games, and
information and communication technologies
in general, researchers have sounded the alarm
about the gender divide – not enough women
employed in the field, technologies designed for
men, few women studying in technology-related
fields (in spite of increasing numbers of women
enrolled in universities generally), hypersexual-
ized and stereotyped female characters in video
games, and so on. This lack of appropriate and fair
representation of women in technological fields
generally has been well-documented (Cassell &
Jenkins, 1998; Dietz, 1998; Harvey 2011). In this
chapter, we ask the question: how has the nature
Alyson E. King
University of Ontario, Canada
Aziz Douai
University of Ontario, Canada