From the OntoBayes Model to a Service Oriented Decision Support System
Yi Yang and Jacques Calmet
Institute for Algorithms and Cognitive Systems (IAKS)
University of Karlsruhe (TH)
76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
{yiyang,calmet}@ira.uka.de
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to propose a service oriented
decision support system based on an ontology-driven un-
certainty model (OntoBayes). OntoBayes consists of knowl-
edge and decision model parts. The former is the integra-
tion of ontologies and Bayesian Networks while the latter
can describe different decision models. OntoBayes gives a
solution to deal with uncertainty and structure complexity
and provides decision models by decision making. In order
to construct a decision support system, a service oriented
framework and architecture will be introduced finally.
1. Introduction
During the 1950s and 1960s the concept of decision sup-
port was investigated from two aspects: the theory of orga-
nizational decision making and the techniques of interactive
computer systems. After that it became an area of research
that focuses on computerized system supporting decision
making activities [1]. A decision support system (DSS) can
be defined as “a computer program that provides informa-
tion in a given domain of application by means of analytical
decision models ...” [2]. Nowadays there are different types
of DSS at the conceptual level: communication-driven DSS,
data-driven DSS, document-driven DSS, knowledge-driven
DSS, and model-driven DSS [3].
In this paper, we propose a service oriented DSS. First,
we investigate an ontology driven uncertain model, Onto-
Bayes, consisting of knowledge and decision model parts.
The former is the integration of ontologie and Bayesian Net-
works (BN) while the latter can describe different decision
models. After that a service oriented design of DSS at a
high level is introduced. The selected overall framework
for this DSS is the multiagent paradigm.
The remaining sections of this paper are structured as
follows. Section 2 scratches the surface of the agent ap-
proach for web services and decision making. Section 3
introduces an ontology driven uncertain model OntoBayes.
This section differs partly from previously published results
since it is now fully suited to decision support. Section 4
is devoted to investigate the design of a service oriented de-
cision support system based on OntoBayes. Section 5 sur-
veys related works and finally, Section 6 contains a brief
overview on future work and concludes the paper.
2. Agent, Web Services and Decision Making
In the cyber world, agent based approaches are more
powerful when running agents in a distributed and dynamic
environment (potentially on a web-wide scale) to perform
complex actions on behalf of their users [4]. Unifying
agents and web services can enhance the construction and
flexibility of web service applications [5].
Before introducing other agent based approaches in the
following sections, it is necessary to give some agents re-
lated definitions hereafter. An agent is capable of au-
tonomous action in situated environment in order to meet
its design objectives [6]. Based on this definition an intel-
ligent agent can be extended with three additional charac-
teristics: reactivity, proactivity and social ability. The con-
cept of multiagent has emerged as a paradigm for designing
complex software systems. It is used to better formalize
problems in Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) [7].
The world of web services was characterized as loosely-
coupled distributed systems based on service oriented com-
puting (SOC). The use of web services could be consid-
ered as actions that the agent may take to meet its goals. In
[8] four major trends in internet computing were analyzed
which are able to driven SOC and Multi Agent Systems
(MAS) research in the future. There are some emerging
approaches with MAS-like characteristics in SOC, such as
ubiquitous computing, ontologies, service-level agreements
and quality-of-service measures etc. All of them can be per-
fectly performed with MAS concepts and techniques.
In general, decision making is not a simple event but a
process leading to the selection of a course of action among
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