Are We Making a Difference? An Essay in Honor of Howard Kunreuther Baruch Fischhoff Carnegie Mellon University Draft version prepared for “The Irrational Economist” Conference and Book Writing in honor of Howard Kunreuther The Wharton School December 4-5, 2008 Chapter to appear in The Irrational Economist: Future Directions in Behavioral Economics and Risk Management E. Michel-Kerjan and P. Slovic (eds.) Public Affairs Press. (forthcoming 2009)