Research Article Open Access Kannan et al., J Remote Sensing & GIS 2016, 5:1 http://dx.doi.rg/10.4172/2469-4134.1000157 Volume 5 • Issue 1 • 1000157 Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS J o u r n a l o f R e m o t e S e n s i n g & G I S ISSN: 2469-4134 J Remote Sensing & GIS ISSN: 2469-4134 JRSG, an open access journal Keywords: Shoreline changes; Hudhud; Satellite images; DSAS; Coastal processes Introduction Coastline is a dynamic morphological entity, which responds to the external forces exerted by waves, tides, nearshore currents and the resultant sediment transport. When the resultant sediment transport entering a particular area is greater than the sediment going out from the area, accretion or beach development takes place [1]. On the other hand, when there is a deicit of the incoming sediment supply into a particular area with reference to the sediment going out of the same area, beach erosion takes place [2]. Beaches act as constant absorbers of the wave energy of water and though subject to small disturbances, remain in equilibrium. However, sometimes this equilibrium gets disturbed due to either natural phenomena or human intervention [3]. When shore structures are constructed, it is quite likely that equilibrium condition is destroyed. Since this can cause considerable damage and reduce the efectiveness of such structures, it is necessary to study the equilibrium condition of shores before constructing such structures [4]. Occasionally, coastal erosion processes could be very expansive and devastating to invaluable properties, human lives and even the natural environment. Globally, this has generated much concern; interests with regard to the scourge are also on the increase in academic discourse [5]. he natural action of winds and waves, together with the anthropogenic forces resulting from the continued desire for natural resources exploitation are constantly at work in this region. Although human actions may sometimes yield positive results, they cannot be completely exempted from facilitating and accelerating the extent of damage to the natural landscape [6]. For coastal zone monitoring, shoreline extraction in various times is a fundamental work. he shoreline, which is deined as the position of the land-water interface at one instant in time [7] is a highly dynamic feature and is an indicator for coastal erosion and accretion. he processes of erosion and accretion afect human life, *Corresponding author: Kannan R, Scientist-SC, Andhra Pradesh Space Applications Centre, Hyderabad, India, Tel: 8978681196; E-mail: maadhukanna@gmail.com, abrankashkanungo@gmail.com Received January 08, 2016; Accepted January 11, 2016; Published January 13, 2016 Citation: Kannan R, Kanungo A, Murthy MVR (2016) Detection of Shoreline Changes Visakhapatnam Coast, Andhra Pradesh from Multi-Temporal Satellite Images. J Remote Sensing & GIS 5: 157. doi:10.4172/2469-4134.1000157 Copyright: © 2016 Kannan R, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The shoreline is under several emotional threats for last few decades by some natural forces and human intervention. In this paper the beaches are analyzed to assessing their evolution (erosion/accretion) associated with human intervention and climatic condition. Coastal changes are attracting more focus since they are important environmental indicators that directly impact coastal economic development and land management. Both natural and anthropogenic processes along the coast control the erosion, and accretion activities of the coastal zones. In this study, high-resolution images taken from 1989-2015 at an interval of about 5/10 years and topographic maps were collected to determine coastline changes. The present shoreline maps illustrating the shoreline erosion accretion pattern in the coastal area of Visakhapatnam district by using different sources of remote sensing data. In the present study, Landsat 5 (1989), IRS-P6 LISS III (1999), IRS-P6 LISS III (2005, 2010), LISS IV (2012) and Landsat 8 (2015) satellite images were used. The shoreline change detection was conducted using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). The rate of shoreline change was assessed using Linear Regression (LRR) and End Point Rate (EPR) methods. In those methods End Point Rate (EPR) was calculated by dividing the distance of shoreline movement by the time elapsed between the earliest and latest measurements at each transect. Visakhapatnam having length of coast line is 135 km. The resultant coastal maps were used to estimate the geomorphologic changes and shifting of the shoreline position. This integrated study is found useful for exploring accretion and erosion processes in the region. About 74.6 km of coastline was found to be accreting nature with average of +1.08 m/yr followed by 38.4 km of coastal line eroding with average of -1.40 m/yr and stable coastline of 41.4 km was found. This study demonstrates that combined use of satellite imagery and statistical method such as linear regression for shoreline change analysis are helpful for erosion monitoring and preventive measure. Detection of Shoreline Changes Visakhapatnam Coast, Andhra Pradesh from Multi-Temporal Satellite Images Kannan R*, Kanungo A and Murthy MVR Andhra Pradesh Space Applications Centre, Hyderabad, India cultivation and natural resources along the coast [8]. Rapid shoreline changes can create catastrophic social and economic problems along populated strands. Design of viable land-use and protection strategies to reduce potential loss is necessary and this requires comprehension of regional shoreline dynamics [9]. Since coastal areas are regions of high economic value, the prediction of shoreline positions depends solely on having a clear understanding of the shoreline parameters [10]. Based on this argument therefore, an appreciable knowledge of the shoreline characteristics is of utmost importance and timely. his has become very essential and necessary to make informed decisions towards efective coastal management [11]. If such parameters are put in place, it is believed that any information relative to shoreline characteristics will be readily accessible at any point in time. In the light of the foregoing, taking into consideration the high economic potentials of the area, this study seeks to extract shoreline from the satellite imagery, determine the rate of shoreline change as well as the net shoreline movement in the area [12]. Study area Visakhapatnam district is the 7th largest district in Andhra Pradesh