Peertechz Journal of Pediatric Therapy Citation: Moravej H, Goodarzi M, Karamizadeh Z (2016) The Relation between Demographic Factors, Family History, Concomitant Autoimmune Diseases and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes, A Cross-Sectional Study. Peertechz J Pediatr Ther 2(1): 006-009. 006 Abstract Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common disease which causes acute and chronic complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, retinopathy, nephropathy, and atherosclerosis. Improvement in glycemic control can prevent these complications. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the role of demographic factors, family history of diabetes and concomitant autoimmune diseases on glycemic control in children with T1DM in the south of Iran. Materials and Methods: One hundred children with T1DM who were referred to a pediatric diabetes subspecialty clinic were enrolled in the study. Patients with type 2 and other types of diabetes and the ones whose diabetes type was not clinically clear were excluded from the study. After taking history and physical examination, data collection forms about the participants’ demographic factors were illed out. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level, total Immunoglobulin A (IgA), anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA, T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone were measured. Descriptive statistics were applied for analysis of the data. Results: Older patients had signiicantly higher HbA1c levels (P-value= 0.023) According to linear regression model, HbA1C level increases up to about %12 per year. Other factors such as sex, parental education, and family history of diabetes and concomitant autoimmune diseases (hypothyroidism and celiac disease) had no signiicant relationship with HbA1C level. Conclusions: As the patient grows, his/ her glycemic control worsens. Therefore, more strict efforts should be made as to education, more expert visits and more social aids in order to protect from short term and long term complications. Research Article The Relation between Demographic Factors, Family History, Concomitant Autoimmune Diseases and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes, A Cross- Sectional Study Introduction T1DM is considered as a chronic common disease which involves about one in every 400 to 600 adolescents [1]. T1DM has long-term complications and it may afect the eyes, kidneys and autonomic and peripheral nervous system. However, pathophysiology of these complications is not clear. It seems that hyperglycemia plays an important role in this regard [2]. Patients with T1DM are at higher risk of developing other autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease [3,4]. Glycemic control improvement in a child with T1DM leads to a delay in starting and also decreasing the development of micro-vascular diabetes complications [5]. Diabetes needs a constant medical care and personal control by the patient to prevent its short-term complications and decrease the risk of long-term ones [6]. Concerning the American Diabetes Association guidelines, optimal (HbA1C) level in childhood and adolescence is below 7.5%. Acquisition of this glycemic target in children with T1DM is a hard challenge [5]. Several studies have been conducted on the efects of diferent factors on controlling blood sugar level in children with T1DM in diferent countries and have shown diferent results. Although methods of controlling the blood sugar level and demographic factors are diferent in Iran, there is a need to investigate and analyze this issue in our country. Objective his study was conducted to ind out the efect of several environmental factors on the control of T1DM. Materials and Methods his study was carried out on 100 children with T1DM who had referred to a pediatric diabetes subspecialty clinic were ailiated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from May 2014 to January 2015. Inclusion criteria were type I diabetes mellitus deinitely diagnosed based on World Health Organization (WHO) deinition [7], aged between 1 and 18 years old, and being diagnosed with disease for more than 1 year, to rule out the efect of honeymoon period. Hossein Moravej 1 *, Mahmood Goodarzi 2 and Zohreh Karamizadeh 1 1 Pediatric Department, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2 School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Dates: Received: 23 May, 2016; Accepted: 14 June, 2016; Published: 15 June, 2016 *Corresponding author: Hossein Moravej, MD, Pediatric Endocrinologist, Associated Professor, Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, Tel: 00989171058371; Fax: 00987136474298; E-mail: www.peertechz.com Keywords: HbA1C; Autoimmune disease; Diabetes mellitus type 1