Pergamon
TetrahedronLetters, Vol. 38, No. 11, pp. 1877-1880, 1997
© 1997 ElsevierScienceLtd
All rights reserved.Printedin Great Britain
PII: S0040-4039(97)00225-6 0040-4039/97 $17.00 + 0.00
Thermal Migration of an Ethynyl Group From One Benzene Ring to Another
by Reversible Vinylidene C-H Insertion l
Lawrence T. Scott* and Atena Necula
Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center,
Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167-3860 USA
Abstract. Evidence is presented for the high temperature opening of a 5-membered
ring by extrusion of a carbene (the reverse of a C-H bond insertion), which results in
the net thermal migration of an ethynyl group from one benzene ring to another.
© 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thermal isomerization of a terminal alkyne to a vinylidene under flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) conditions
and trapping of the transient carbene by intramolecular C-H insertion to form an etheno-bridged aromatic
compound was first demonstrated by R. F. C. Brown et al. in the 1970s. 2 This high-temperature cyclization
reaction is estimated to be exothermic by 15-20 kcal/mol overall, 3 and only the endothermic hydrogen shift
has generally been regarded as reversible. We have now encountered a case, however, in which the vinylidene
insertion step also appears to be reversible, and this reversibility leads to the net migration of an ethynyl group
from one benzene ring to another along the edge of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring system (eq 1).
H H
Z netet n rou 0raon &
Extrusion of a carbene by de-insertion from a remote C-H bond is enormously endothermic, 3 of course,
and reported examples are quite rare, 4 but every unimolecular reaction, in principle, must be reversible at
sufficiently high temperatures. Accordingly, it seems reasonable that such ethynyl group migrations could
play a significant role in the chemistry of hydrocarbons in flames, in the mechanism of carcinogen formation
in smoke, and in the production of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes under high energy conditions inter alia.
Our discovery of the title reaction occurred during the course of experiments designed to prepare the benzo-
pyracylene 1, a molecule we had hoped could be used to test the feasibility of the "Stone-Wales
rearrangement 5'' (eq 2).
1 2
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