Linearized Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
impairments in dynamic optical networks
A. López, J.J. Martínez, M.A. Losada, J. Mateo, I. Garcés
Photonic Technologies Group i3A (University of Zaragoza), Walqa Technology Park, Cuarte (Huesca), Spain
Abstract: Transmission impairments due to the cross-gain
modulation effect in Linearized Semiconductor Optical
Amplifiers have been evaluated in a dynamic network
environment. Results demonstrate the arising of power
penalizations when the amplifier is operated in saturation.
Keywords: Dynamic networks, optical amplification, XGM
Introduction
Amplification is a key issue in next-generation optical
networks even when short distances are to be covered.
The transfer of routing and switching functionalities to the
optical layer in such networks involves an increase of
losses that need to be compensated for. Traditionally
optical amplification has been performed by Erbium-doped
fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). These show good performance in
point-to-point links but introduce serious impairments when
dealing with dynamic traffic [1]. On the other hand,
semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are good
candidates for amplification in cost-sensitive networks,
such as those for access or metropolitan areas. The
drawback of this kind of amplifiers is their non-linear
behaviour which leads to the arising of interchannel
crosstalk due to cross-gain modulation (XGM) effects. In
the last years a linearized SOA (LOA) intended for
amplification in optical networks has been proposed and
commercialized [2]. LOAs have been demonstrated to be
the ideal candidates for amplification purposes in cost-
sensitive dynamic networks [3, 4]. However, degradations
related to both add/drop events and amplification of
multiple data channels are present.
In this work we assess the power penalties associated with
the operation of LOAs in WDM dynamic networks with
add/drop events of channels, bursts or packets. For this
purpose, we have measured the transmission performance
at reception in terms of bit error rate (BER).
2. Experimental setup and results
The experimental setup shown in Figure 1 emulates the
operation of the LOA in a dynamic network environment.
Two lasers (A, B) represent the data channels to be
amplified. One of them is operated in continuous mode,
while the other is operated in burst mode (CW and bursts in
the Figure). The relative power between the CW and bursts
channels is controlled by variable optical attenuators
(VOA), so that the number of channels, bursts or packets
added/dropped can be modified. The burst or packet length
is set to 5 s and channel burst-mode operation is
performed by an optical switch that truly adds or drops the
bursts channel to/from the link. At the receiver end the CW
channel is monitored and its BER measured. Data from
VOA A
VOA B laser B
VOA Rx
PIN det
MZM A
MZM B
3dB
coupler
BPF
PPG BERT
bursts
CW
2x2 SW laser A
LOA
Pw mon
Figure 1: Experimental setup for the assessment of LOA
impairments in dynamic networks
pulse pattern generator (PPG) is PRBS 2
15
-1 at 10 Gb/s
and CW and bursts wavelengths are 1556.5 and 1558 nm.
Optical powers considered are -7 dBm for CW channel and
-7, -1, +5 dBm for bursts channel, associated with
scenarios where 1, 4 and 16 bursts are added/dropped.
2.1 XGM by add/drop events
Figure 2 shows BER curves for the above-described
scenarios when only the XGM effect associated with
add/drop events is taken into account (i.e. no data is
conveyed by bursts channel, MZM A inactive in Figure 1).
Figure 2: BER vs. received optical power as a function of the
number of bursts added/dropped
As it can be observed from the Figure, the number of
channels, bursts or packets simultaneously added/dropped
has a direct influence over the transmission performance in
the amplified link. Power penalties (at 10
-6
BER) are 0.2
and 1.1 dB for the cases of 4 and 16 bursts add/drop with
respect to the scenario with just 1 burst added/dropped.
2.2 XGM by data bit pattern
In order to account for the XGM associated to the bit
pattern of data conveyed by channels present in the link,
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