Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Oxyptilini (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae, Pterophorinae) based on morphological data of adults HELEN ALIPANAH 1,3 *, CEES GIELIS 2 , ALIREZA SARI 1 , ALIMORAD SARAFRAZI 3 and SHAHAB MANZARI 3 1 School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2 Meester Haafkensstraat 36, 4128 CJ Lexmond, the Netherlands 3 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Insects Taxonomy Research Department, Tehran, Iran Received 13 May 2010; revised 27 September 2010; accepted for publication 27 September 2010 The monophyly of the tribe Oxyptilini and phylogenetic relationships of the genera embraced in this tribe were examined using 171 (75 binary and 96 multistate) characters of adult morphology. The study material included 98 species of 30 genera, representing all previously recognized genera of Oxyptilini, together with the genera Sphenarches, Antarches, Diacrotricha, and Cosmoclostis, four species of Oidaematophorini, three species of Platyptiliini, as well as three and two other species belonging to Pterophorini and Exelastini respectively. Two Agdistis species were used as outgroups. The cladistic analysis resulted in six equally parsimonious trees. A majority of the recovered synapomorphic characters have previously been used in the taxonomy of the subfamily. However, 25 novel characters were found. The monophyly of Oxyptilini was supported, although only with homoplastic characters and low amounts of tree confidence; the genera Capperia, Procapperia, Paracapperia, Oxyptilus, Megalorhipida, and Trichoptilus were found to be nonmonophyletic; Sphenarches and Antarches were recovered as members of Oxyptilini; the two genera Cosmoclostis and Diacrotricha were placed out of Oxyptilini, inside the tribe Pterophorini; and close affinity of the genus Dejongia to Stangeia, Stenodacma, Megalorhipida, Trichoptilus, and Buckleria species was revealed. Four new combinations, Cosmoclostis lanceata (Arenberger) comb. nov., Nippoptilia regulus (Meyrick) comb. nov., Capperia tadzhica (Zagulajev) comb. nov., and Buckleria negotiosus (Meyrick) comb. nov. are proposed; Capperia insomnis Townsend was considered as a senior synonym of Procapperia hackeri Arenberger syn. nov., Buckleria negotiosus (Meyrick) as a senior synonym of Buckleria vanderwolfi Gielis syn. nov., and Oxyptilus variegatus Meyrick syn. nov. as a junior synonym of Oxyptilus secutor Meyrick. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, 484–547. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00705.x ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: cladistics – morphological characters – phylogeny – systematics – taxonomy. INTRODUCTION The family Pterophoridae, with a worldwide distribu- tion and diverse habitats, was first treated in binomi- nal nomenclature as Alucitae by Linnaeus (1758) (Adamczewski, 1951). All the members of this group together with the species currently included in Alucitidae (Orneodidae) were placed in the family ‘Pterophorus’ until the second half of the 18 th century and later the latter name was changed to Ptero- phoridae by Zeller (Gielis, 1993). The family Aluciti- dae was separated from Pterophoridae by Latreille (1796). Meyrick (1886) considered Pterophoridae as a close group to Pyralidina, and later (Meyrick, 1928) classified Pterophoridae and Pyralidae in the super- family Pyraloidea. Turner (1947) placed the two fami- lies Pterophoridae and Orneodidae in Pterophoroidea. *Corresponding author. E-mail: alipanah@khayam.ut.ac.ir; halipanah@gmail.com Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, 484–547. With 18 figures © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, 484–547 484