From the *Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Department, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; † Clinical and Oncology Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore; ‡ Division of Nursing, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore; § Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Address correspondence to Hong-Gu He, PhD, RN, MD, Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597. E-mail: nurhhg@nus.edu.sg Received October 6, 2013; Revised February 28, 2014; Accepted March 17, 2014. This study was funded by the start-up grant of National University of Singapore, Singapore (National Medical Research Council Blockvote Component R-545-000-032-275, and Provost Matching Component R-545-000-003-750). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 1524-9042/$36.00 Ó 2015 by the American Society for Pain Management Nursing http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.pmn.2014.03.002 Nurses’ Provision of Parental Guidance Regarding School-Aged Children’s Postoperative Pain Management: A Descriptive Correlational Study --- Hong-Gu He, PhD, RN, MD, * Piyanee Klainin-Yobas, PhD,* Emily Neo Kim Ang, PhD, † Rajammal Sinnappan, BSc, ‡ Tarja P€ olkki, PhD, § and Wenru Wang, PhD* - ABSTRACT : Involving parents in children’s pain management is essential to achieve optimal outcomes. Parents need to be equipped with sufficient knowledge and information. Only a limited number of studies have explored nurses’ provision of parental guidance regarding the use of nonpharmacologic methods in children’s pain management. This study aimed to examine nurses’ perceptions of providing preparatory information and nonpharmacologic methods to parents, and how their demographics and perceived knowledge adequacy of these methods influence this guidance. A descriptive correlational study using questionnaire surveys was conducted to collect data from a convenience sample of 134 registered nurses working in seven pedi- atric wards of two public hospitals in Singapore. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t test, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Most nurses provided various types of cognitive information to parents related to their children’s surgery, whereas information about children’s feelings was less often provided. Most nurses provided guidance to parents on positioning, breathing tech- nique, comforting/reassurance, helping with activities of daily living, relaxation, and creating a comfortable environment. Nurses’ provision of parental guidance on preparatory information and nonpharmaco- logic methods was significantly different between subgroups of age, education, parent or not, and perceived knowledge adequacy of non- pharmacologic methods. Nurses’ perceived knowledge adequacy was the main factor influencing their provision of parental guidance. More Pain Management Nursing, Vol 16, No 1 (February), 2015: pp 40-50 Original Article