Relations between professional groups in the Atlantic and Mediterranean fishing enclaves of Andalusia (Spain): A personal networks approach with clustered graphs Isidro Maya-Jariego a,n , Daniel Holgado Ramos a , David Florido del Corral b a Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Psicología Social, Laboratorio de Redes Personales y Comunidades, Sevilla, España b Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Antropología Social, Grupo para el Estudio de las Identidades Socioculturales en Andalucia (Geisa), Sevilla, España article info Article history: Received 30 December 2015 Received in revised form 13 June 2016 Accepted 13 June 2016 Keywords: Clustered graphs Personal networks Participatory governance Marine resources Atlantic Mediterranean Fishing enclaves Ports Andalusia abstract This paper proposes a new network-based approach to analyse intergroup relations in fishing ports. The technique of clustered graphs is applied to the case of the Andalusian fishing ports to assess the balance between intra and inter-professional relationships. The patterns of sociability in Mediterranean and Atlantic fishing enclaves in the southern region of Spain were compared, examining their implications for participatory governance of marine resources. The personal networks of 53 fishermen, ship owners or skippers and key individuals of 18 Andalusian fisheries were analysed. The personal networks were compared in terms of fishing ground (Atlantic versus Mediterranean) and port type (by size and form of participation). The data of 45 individuals with whom each respondent usually interacts in the harbour was summarised in clustered graphs of intra-group and inter-group relationships between 8 professional roles in the harbour. Results show primarily that personal networks of Mediterranean ports are overall denser, in comparison with those of the Atlantic, which are more centralised and have a higher average betweenness. Secondly, in the Atlantic a clear difference of roles between ship owners and skippers is observed. A strong link between ship owners and the crew was found, and also between the ship owner and commercial roles in the Mediterranean. Small ports seem to be more apt for the artisanalisation of fisheries, as well as for the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy. & 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction European fisheries policy entails a gradual restructuring of the fishing industry, where trawling and large-scale commercial op- erations are reduced for the benefit of artisanal and traditional fishing gears. 1 The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is particularly oriented towards conservation of marine resources, setting catch limits and channeling the participation of stakeholders in the fisheries sector through advisory councils. The implementation of both sustainable goals and a participatory approach vary according to the characteristics of fishing communities. The structure of re- lations in each port can potentially affect the manner in which participation is articulated and also the management of local ecological knowledge. Moreover, reactions to changes in the fish- eries sector vary depending on the community context in each site, the degree of organisational complexity and other local dynamics. This study compares the structure of social networks and at- titudes towards new fishing policies in selected Atlantic and Mediterranean fishing sites in Andalusia, south of Spain. First, the changes taking place in the fisheries sector in Europe is sum- marised; secondly, previous research on the role of social net- works in the governance of natural resources is reviewed; and finally, it follows a description of the types of fishing ports and specific features of the fishing grounds in Andalusia, the context of the study. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpol Marine Policy http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.06.013 0308-597X/& 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. n Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: isidromj@us.es (I. Maya-Jariego), dholgado@us.es (D. Holgado Ramos), dflorido@us.es (D. Florido del Corral). 1 This process has been previously documented for the case of Andalusia [28] and it is part of the assumptions of recent European guidelines. However, this is probably variable in different countries, because it depends in part on specific national policies, and also on the way each state applies regulations. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the REGULATION (EU) No 1380/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTAND OF THE COUNCIL of 11 December 2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy, which promotes the preservation of traditional fishing activities in coastal communities and even establishes that “Member States should endeavour to give preferential access for small-scale, artisanal or coastal fishermen” (Art.19, p. 24). See: REGULATION (EU) No 1380/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 11 December 2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy, amending Council Regulations (EC) No 1954/2003 and (EC) No 1224/2009 and repealing Council Regulations (EC) No 2371/2002 and (EC) No 639/2004 and Council Decision 2004/585/EC. Marine Policy 72 (2016) 48–58