Journal of American Ethnic History Summer 2010 Volume 29, Number 4 45 Adapted from Sexual Injustice: Supreme Court Decisions from Griswold to Roe, by Marc Stein. Copyright © 2010 by The University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher. www.uncpress.unc.edu All the Immigrants Are Straight, All the Homosexuals Are Citizens, But Some of Us Are Queer Aliens: Genealogies of Legal Strategy in Boutilier v. INS 1 MARC STEIN UNTIL RECENTLY, THE FIELDS of U.S. immigration history and U.S. queer history seemed content to ignore each other. 2 Canonical works of immigration history such as Oscar Handlin’s The Uprooted and John Bodnar’s The Transplanted had nothing to say about gender and sexual “de- viants” and did not interrogate the gender and sexual hierarchies institution- alized in immigration policies and practices. Groundbreaking works of gay and lesbian history, including John D’Emilio’s Sexual Politics and Martin Duberman’s Stonewall, identified particular individuals as immigrants but did not regard immigration as a key aspect of the history of homosexuality. 3 More recently, scholarship by Margot Canaday, Eithne Luibhéid, Susana Peña, Horacio N. Roque Ramírez, Nayan Shah, Siobhan Somerville, Jen- nifer Ting, Daniel Tsang, William Turner, Eric Wat, Judy Wu, and others has created a productive dialogue between immigration history and queer history. Some of this work focuses on immigrants classified as gender and sexual deviants; some addresses immigration discourses and practices that constituted and regulated gender and sexuality; and some attempts to queer immigration history by deconstructing immigrant heteronormativity and homonormativity. 4 This essay brings immigration history and queer history together with a focus on Boutilier v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, a 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision. Boutilier upheld a provision of the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act that authorized the exclusion and depor- tation of aliens “afflicted with psychopathic personality” at time of entry. In 1965 Congress amended the legislation to provide for the exclusion and deportation of aliens with “sexual deviations,” but Boutilier concerned the earlier “psychopathic personality” provision, which the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) interpreted to apply to aliens classifiable as