2011-36-0275
Project and Construction of a Measuring System to Determine the
Forces Applied to Automotive Airfoils
Gertz, Luiz Carlos
Lutheran University of Brazil
Cervieri, André
Lutheran University of Brazil
Rodrigues, Antônio Flávio Aires
Lutheran University of Brazil
Da Silveira, Marilia Amaral
Lutheran University of Brazil
Ferreto, Claudio Júnior
Lutheran University of Brazil
Pelzer, Tiago da Costa
Lutheran University of Brazil
Copyright © 2011 SAE International
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a system developed for measurement of
force, based on a load cell. The aim was to design a device
capable of measuring the components of the force, drag and
lift, which acted over automotive spoilers. In order to enable
the system to measure the drag and the lift force, it was
necessary to develop a system capable of measuring only the
components of interest, uncoupling efforts, such as multiple
solicitations and vibration. Measurements of force were
carried out over an airfoil, employing the measuring system
described in this paper. The results showed that the values of
the forces that acted over the airfoil were in agreement to the
expected. Airfoils are used mainly in automotive racing cars to
increase adherence between the tires and ground. Car prepares
have made use of theirs experience to determine the best type
and angle of attack for the airfoils. With the help of system
developed by the authors, preparers of racing cars can measure
the efforts and know their effects over the cars.
INTRODUCTION
Airfoil is a profile designed in such a way that, when
subjected to a given fluid flow, the fluid will have different
speeds at the top and the bottom of the airfoil [1,2,3]. It is the
shape of a wing or blade. When the fluid passes over an
airfoil, it speeds up, decreasing the air pressure in that region
according to Bernoulli’s principle. Therefore, there will be
negative pressure in the top. In the bottom part, the pressure
will be positive, generating a force. The component of this
force, perpendicular to the direction of the flow, is called lift.
The component parallel to the direction of motion is called
drag. In aircraft, the position of wing is such that the lift force
acts upward, making the flight possible [1,2,3].
The aerodynamic profile of the cars is under the action of the
same forces that act over the airfoils. Thus, when air flows
over the top surface of the car, they are formed regions of low
pressure, an effect that becomes very significant at high
speeds, causing a decrease of the adherence between the tires
and ground [1,3]. In racing cars, this decrease in adherence
affects the performance of the cars, especially on curves.
Automotive airfoils are designed to generate negative lift, or
to compensate the positive lift generated by the flow of air
over the surface of the car [1,3].
Many car preparers make use of their experiences acquired
during the tests to adjust the airfoils and their positions [3,4].
The racing drivers, during the tests, act as sensors of the
airfoil, giving the information to the team that allow adjusting
the position and angle of attack, according to the behavior of
the car on the road [3,4].