Journal of Research in Personality 40 (2006) 851–875 www.elsevier.com/locate/jrp 0092-6566/$ - see front matter  2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.06.003 The HEXACO model of personality structure and indigenous lexical personality dimensions in Italian, Dutch, and English  Michael C. Ashton a,¤ , Kibeom Lee b,¤ , Reinout E. de Vries c , Marco Perugini d , Augusto Gnisci e , Ida Sergi e a Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1 b Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 c Department of Communication Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands d Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK e Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy Available online 10 February 2006 Abstract We correlated the scales of the HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI) with adjective scale markers of personality factors previously obtained in indigenous lexical studies of personality structure in the Italian, Dutch, and English languages. Self-ratings were obtained from samples of 327 Italian, 161 Dutch, and 214 English-speaking Canadian participants. Results showed that each of the six HEXACO variables—including Honesty–Humility—correlated strongly with its hypothesized six-factor adjective scale counterpart in all three languages. In each case, convergent correlations were substantially stron- ger than discriminant correlations. Because the HEXACO model was developed without prior knowl- edge of the indigenous Dutch and English lexical factors, the results suggest that the HEXACO model of personality structure can be extended to the personality lexicons of those languages.  2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Personality structure; Lexical hypothesis; HEXACO  This research was supported by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Grants 410-2003- 0946 and 410-2003-1835. We thank Lewis R. Goldberg for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. * Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 905 688 6922 (M.C. Ashton). E-mail addresses: mashton@brocku.ca (M.C. Ashton), kibeom@ucalgary.ca (K. Lee).