This paper was published in the proceedings of the European Conference “Science Policies meet Reality: Gender, Women and Youth in Science in Central and Eastern Europe”, Prague, 1-2 December 2006. The conference was organised by the Central European Centre for Women and Youth in Science (CEC-WYS), which was supported by the European Union’ s 6 th Research Framework Programme under Specific Support Action SAS6-CT-2004-003582.