chemical engineering research and design 9 1 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 2721–2731 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemical Engineering Research and Design j ourna l h omepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cherd Planning of carbon capture and storage with pinch analysis techniques Raymond E.H. Ooi a , Dominic C.Y. Foo a,* , Denny K.S. Ng a , Raymond R. Tan b a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering/Centre of Excellence for Green Technologies, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia b Chemical Engineering Department/Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004 Manila, Philippines a b s t r a c t Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a means for reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from fossil fuel combus- tion in power generation and industrial processes. It involves the capture of CO 2 for subsequent storage in various geological formations. The selection and matching of the power plants and storage sites are often an issue of optimi- sation due to various constraints, i.e., time of availability, injection rate, and storage capacity limits. In this work, a novel graphical targeting tool based on pinch analysis is proposed to address the planning problem of the storage of captured CO 2 from power generating plants into corresponding reservoirs. The main consideration for the problem is the time of availability of the latter, since reservoirs need to be developed prior to CO 2 storage. The time limita- tion is addressed by the graphical technique where time is taken as the governing element in solving the problem. Hypothetical examples are used to elucidate the proposed approach. © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Carbon capture and storage; CO2 emission reduction; Process integration; Pinch analysis; Targeting; Source- sink matching 1. Introduction Recently, more countries around the world have committed to progressive carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission reduction over time, as the world struggles to balance the growth in energy requirement and environment conservation for a sustainable future. This trend has contributed to the growing interest in carbon capture and storage (CCS) initiatives which have been widely discussed as means to cut emission from pro- cesses involving fossil fuel combustion. CCS mainly involves capturing CO 2 from large point sources such as fossil fired power plants, and subsequently storing the captured CO 2 in geological reservoirs to ensure that it does not enter the atmo- sphere. Large-scale deployment of CCS can reduce the total carbon emission levels of a country or region, even with an increase in power generation capacity and demand. The emis- sion level from retrofitted power plants will be lower than a modern conventional plant (without CCS) using the same ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +60 3 89248130, fax: +60 3 8924 8017. E-mail addresses: rayooi80@yahoo.com (R.E.H. Ooi), Dominic.Foo@nottingham.edu.my, foodominic@yahoo.com (D.C.Y. Foo), Denny.Ng@nottingham.edu.my (D.K.S. Ng), Raymond.Tan@dlsu.edu.ph (R.R. Tan). Received 11 May 2012; Received in revised form 19 November 2012; Accepted 4 April 2013 fuel by approximately 80–90%, based on data from Intergov- ernmental Panel on Climate Change (Metz et al., 2005). Promising carbon capture (CC) technologies include oxy- fuel combustion, which involves burning fuel in the absence of nitrogen to yield CO 2 -rich flue gas (Wall et al., 2009). Besides, other technologies developed for CC includes chemical loop- ing combustion, pre-combustion capture (using integrated gasification combined cycles, IGCC), or post combustion cap- ture (via flue gas scrubbing with solvents such as amines) (Yang et al., 2008). Retrofitting existing power plants with CCS allows for continued used of fossil fuel such as coal and natural gas while drastically reducing emission. Besides, CC technologies will be able to cushion the pressure imposed on the development of large scale application in renewable energy to replace fossil fuels in the future. Total replacement of fossil fuels for power generation is not expected to materi- alise in near future as dependency on fossil fuel is expected to continue and expand. The World Energy Outlook (WEO) 0263-8762/$ – see front matter © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2013.04.007