International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering 2012, 2(1): 1-6
DOI: 10.5923/j.food.20120201.01
Quality Characteristics of Dried Fish Obtained From
Eldeim Area, Central Sudan
Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman
1*
, Waleed A. Mustafa
2
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Sudan
2
Department of Food Science and Technnlogy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bakht Al-Ruda, ElDueim, Sudan
Abstract In the present study the prevailing drying methods for fish preservation in ElDueim area, central Sudan were
assessed. The processes and analysis were done in two seasons: summer and winter. The chemical analyses indicated the
similarity of most of the tested chemical components of the various samples. High microbial load was detected in raw fishes
indicating that their quick spoilage at ambient temperature, and the presence of coliforms, staphylococci and salmonella
indicates that the raw fish handling is not safe. On the other hand, most of the examined dried fish products were devoid of
pathogenic bacteria, and sharp decrease was observed in the numbers of indicator microorganisms like coliforms. The sen-
sory analysis indicated higher acceptance of most of the tested samples.
Keywords Drying, Chemical Composition, Salmonella, Microbiology
1. Introduction
Processing of fish involves primarily the application of
preservation techniques in order to retain quality and in-
crease shelf life. It may also mean adding value to produce a
wide variety of products. A number of methods are used to
preserve fish. There are various techniques based on tem-
perature control, using ice, refrigeration or freezing; others
on the control of water activity that includes drying, salting,
smoking and freeze-drying.
Dry Fish is described as any fishes which had developed a
strong odour within hours of capture and salted for about
four days and then dried. It is highly salted and semi-dried
fishery products with an obnoxious odour and a cheesy but
rich fishy flavour widely liked as a sea food item worldwide.
Traditionally, dried fish represents a low cost source of high
quality protein[1]
Sudan has immense fisheries resources within its inland
waters especially along the River Nile and in the marine
sub-sector along the Red Sea coast. Estimates suggest that
fish production could double and still be short of the full
potential. Whilst techniques and vessels used in the inland
fishery remain artisanal in nature, participants in the fisheries
are becoming increasingly commercialized and investors are
now operating fleets of simple vessels. Sudan is, however, a
significant importer of fish from other areas of the Great
Lakes region of Africa. Most experience with aquaculture
has been along the coast with pearl culture but increasingly
* Corresponding author:
moneim_ug@yahoo.com (Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/food
Copyright © 2012 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
investors are establishing catfish and tilapia pond farms.
Fish processing in carried out in Sudan by traditional
methods, so the amounts of the processed samples is rela-
tively few with a short shelf life and consumed locally.
Therefore it is of prime importance to encourage upgrading
of fish industry and to increase the investment in this sector,
and to make use of stored fishes commercially via methods
of preservation and processing of fishes.
The objectives of the present project include: evaluation of
the prevailing drying methods of fish and an attempt to up-
grade these methods following good manufacturing practices
techniques.
2. Materials and Methods
Samples of fresh fish, namely: garmout, bolti, kas, kaba-
rous, kharsha and amokoro were which were collected from
Dueim market (Central Sudan) on White Nile, from anglers
immediately after landing, during two seasons summer and
winter (2010). In addition, processed samples were collected
from small-scale producers who producing their products
traditionally. These samples were collected in sterile poly-
ethylene bags. The samples were then transported in strict
sterilization conditions to the laboratory where microbi-
ological and chemical analyses were immediately carried
out.
The fish and dried fish products received for analysis in
the laboratory were cleaned without washing to remove
adhering matter. The smaller fishes were passed through the
meat mincer in the intact form. However, in case of larger
fishes, only meat was taken for analysis. For this, the head
and fins were removed and the body was cut along the ab-