American Journal of Biochemistry 2014, 4(1): 1-5
DOI: 10.5923/j.ajb.20140401.01
Determination of Inhibitory and Flavour Compounds in
Fermented Camels Milk (Gariss)
Abdallah A. Alyan
1
, Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman
2,*
, Abdelrahim A. Ali
3
, Abdlulaziz S. Bahobail
4
1
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Biology, faculty of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Miccrobiology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abstract In the present study, some of the inhibitory compounds such as lactic acid, acetic acid and citric acid were
determined in Gariss samples obtained from two sources, Kordofan (Western Sudan) and Botana (Central Sudan). The mean
values of these acids contents were 0.99, 0.070 and 0.30 (mg/100g) in Kordofan Gariss, and 0.86, 0.064 and 0.308 (mg/100g)
in Botana Gariss respectively. The flavour compounds such as acetaldehyde and volatile fatty acids found in Gariss were also
determined, however, the mean values of the acetaldehyde contents at 0, 10
th
, 20
th
and 30
th
day of storage were 22.60, 40.50,
39.40 and 30.70 (µmol/ml) in Kordofan Gariss, and 22.50, 40.22, 32.50, 30(µmol/ml) in Botana Gariss, respectively.
However, the mean values of total volatile fatty acid contents at 0, 10
th
, 20
th
and 30
th
day of storage were 4.0,4.0,6.0,6.0, of 0.1
ml NaOH/10ml in Kordofan Gariss 4.4,4.0,6.0,6.0 and in Butana Gariss s, respectively.
Keywords Acetaldehyde, Lactic acid, Citric acid, Volatile fatty acids
1. Introduction
Fermentations transform the original food by producing
acids, alcohols and volatile Compounds that add flavor and
aroma. Some of these chemicals are antimicrobials. They
inhibit the growth of undesirable pathogens and Spoilage
microbes. Thus fermentation preserves food. Generally,
fermentation is a self-limiting process. The accumulating
acids and alcohols eventually Kill even The fermenting
microorganisms themselves.
Microorganisms of lactic acid starter cultures used for the
conversion and preservation of milk by-products are unique
bio-converters of energy. When they are used appropriately,
these cultures elaborate specific metabolites during
fermentation these metabolites, in conjunction with partial
hydrolysis of milk constituents (proteins, fat and lactose)
contribute to better digestibility of the fermented food and
their nutritional and therapeutic qualities also are enhanced.
The camel population in Sudan was estimated at 3.724
million head according to the Ministry of Animal Resource
and Fisheries[1]. In Sudan, camel’s milk and the fermented
camel’s milk (Gariss) are widely consumed by the rural
people and pastoralist communities inhabiting the arid and
semi-arid regions of the country.
* Corresponding author:
abuelhadi@hotmail.com (Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ajb
Copyright © 2014 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
Flavour is a crucial characteristic of foods as the sensory
characteristics play an important role in product acceptance
by consumers. In fermented dairy products, flavor
perception is strongly based on the volatile components[2].
The most prominent ones are mainly lactic acid which
imparts an acidic and refreshing taste, and a mixture of
various carbonyl compounds like acetaldehyde, ethanol,
acetone, diacetyl and 2-butanone. However, among them,
acetaldehyde is considered as the major flavor compound
for the typical yogurt aroma reported by several researchers
[3][4].
Gariss which is prepared from camel’s milk, is prepared
made by semi-continuous or fed-batch fermentation process
in large skin bags or siin, which contains a large quantity of
previously soured product[5]. The objective of the present
study was to determine the contents of the inhibitory
compounds as well as flavour components of fermented
camels milk product (Gariss).
2. Materials and Methods
Traditional Gariss samples were obtained different
locations in Kordofan “Western Sudan” and Butana “Eastern
Sudan”. Each sample was transferred to 250 ml autoclavable
plastic container. The samples were Kept at 4°C and
transported to the Food Technology Research institute-Egypt.
Analyses were carried out at 0, 10
th
, 20
th
, and 30
th
day of
storage at 4°C.