Health Policy 72 (2005) 105–117 Findings from a survey on GIS use in the UK National Health Service: organisational challenges and opportunities Gary Higgs a,* , Darren P. Smith b , Myles I. Gould c a GIS Research Centre, School of Computing, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales CF371DL, UK b Department of Geography, School of the Environment, University of Brighton, Brighton BN24GJ, UK c School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS29JT, UK Abstract The use of geographical information systems (GIS) in a variety of application areas points to an increasing interest in the spatial aspects of health policies. Despite the fact that most public sector organisations in the United Kingdom (UK) have access to such software tools, there has not been a comprehensive review of take-up within the health sector. In this paper, we report on a recently completed mixed-method research project that has examined the current levels of GIS use in the UK National Health Service, and focus our discussion on health authorities (HAs). Couched within the context of previous studies that have been concerned with outlining the types of factors influencing IT implementation in the health sector, we illuminate the importance of behavioural, cultural and organisational factors on the diffusion of GIS in the UK National Health Service. It is noted that very few organisations had a GIS strategy and we contend that if GIS is to play a wider role in addressing issues surrounding ‘joined-up’ government, more advice and guidance is needed on policies promoting the exchange of geographical data between agencies concerned with tackling health issues. We conclude by drawing attention to the perceived lack of national guidance on GIS matters, more generally, within the UK health sector. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Geographical information systems; National Health Service; Factors influencing implementation; Technical and organisational issues 1. Introduction Geographical information systems (GIS) are increasingly being used in the health sector in such * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 1443 483619; fax: +44 1443 482715. E-mail addresses: ghiggs@glam.ac.uk (G. Higgs), d.smith@brighton.ac.uk (D.P. Smith). application areas as examination of spatial patterns of diseases and analysing access to primary and sec- ondary care services through to emergency planning and ambulance routing. The increasing availability of web-based mapping tools that enable the integration of spatial data, together with analytical and visualisation tools, also encourage public access and input into public health decision-making as well as providing professionals with real-time information, in areas 0168-8510/$ – see front matter © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.06.011