98 Journal of HUMANISTIC COUNSELING, EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Spring 2010 Volume 49
RESEARCH INTO HUMANISTIC ISSUES AND TECHNIQUES
© 2010 by the American Counseling Association. All rights reserved.
Appreciative Inquiry: A Pilot Study
of School Counselor Graduates
Rolla E. Lewis
Serap Emil
Counselor education programs are influenced by humanistic philosophy, including the
strengths-based perspective. This article describes how appreciative inquiry, a strengths-
based approach to systems change, informed the development of a pilot survey used to assess
graduate perceptions of a school counselor education program.
Counselor education programs influenced by humanistic thought draw from
a diverse philosophy and an array of practices, including those described as
strengths-based approaches. The Council for Accreditation of Counseling
and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) and the National Council
for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) require that programs
conduct and document formal follow-up studies to understand graduate
perceptions on major aspects of their programs (CACREP, 2009; NCATE,
2008). This article describes how appreciative inquiry (AI), a strengths-
based approach to systems change, informed the development of a pilot
survey used to assess graduate perceptions of a school counselor educa-
tion program.
School counseling is an evolving profession with a history of adapting
and adjusting to meet the educational needs of students (Erford, 2007;
Paisley & Borders, 1995; Stone & Dahir, 2006). As a product of the Pro-
gressive Movement, Gysbers (2001) cited how three program models have
influenced school counseling in recent years. First, in his developmental
guidance and counseling model, Myrick (1997) emphasized the provision
of programs for all students; an organized, planned, sequential yet flexible
guidance curriculum; and an integrated approach to program delivery that
involved all school personnel. Second, in their competency-based guid-
ance model, Johnson and Johnson (1991) viewed the pupil as the primary
Rolla E. Lewis, Departments of Special Education and Counselor Education, and Serap Emil, Department
of Educational Leadership and Policy, Portland State University. Rolla E. Lewis is now at Depart-
ment of Educational Psychology, California State University, East Bay. Correspondence concerning
this article should be addressed to Rolla E. Lewis, Department of Educational Psychology, College of
Education and Allied Studies, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Boulevard,
Hayward, CA 94542 (e-mail: rolla.lewis@csueastbay.edu).