ORIGINAL PAPER Assessment of flood hazard based on natural and anthropogenic factors using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) Stefanos Stefanidis • Dimitrios Stathis Received: 10 April 2012 / Accepted: 10 March 2013 / Published online: 18 March 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract Flooding is the most common natural hazard in Greece, and most of low-lying urban centers are flood-prone areas. Assessment of flood hazard zones is a necessity for rational management of watersheds. In this study, the coupling of the analytical hierarchy process and geographical information systems were used, in order to assess flood hazard, based either on natural or on anthropogenic factors. The proposed method was applied on Kassandra Peninsula, in Northern Greece. The morphometric and hydrographic charac- teristics of the watersheds were calculated. Moreover, the natural flood genesis factors were examined, and subsequently, the anthropogenic interventions within stream beds were recorded. On the basis of the above elements, two flood hazard indexes were defined, separately for natural and anthropogenic factors. According to the results of these indexes, the watersheds of the study area were grouped into hazard classes. At the majority of watersheds, the derived hazard class was medium (according to the classification) due to natural factors and very high due to anthropogenic. The results were found to converge to historical data of flood events revealing the realistic representation of hazard on the relating flood hazard maps. Keywords AHP  Flood management  Flood hazard analysis  GIS 1 Introduction Floods are considered to be the most common natural disaster worldwide during the last decades. Their consequences are not only environmental but economic as well, since they may cause damages to urban areas and agricultural lands and may even result in loss of lives (Merz et al. 2010). The increase in floods and their destructive results worldwide require an ongoing improvement on identification and mapping of flood hazard. (Kundzewicz and Kaczmare 2000; Ebert et al. 2009). S. Stefanidis (&)  D. Stathis Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Institute of Mountainous Water Management and Control, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O box 268, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece e-mail: ststefanid@gmail.com 123 Nat Hazards (2013) 68:569–585 DOI 10.1007/s11069-013-0639-5