The International Journal of Pedagogy and Curriculum
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The role and timing of corrective feedback in L2
discussion activities
Diana Pili-Moss, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Abstract: In this article I focus on the role of corrective feedback in fluency activities in second language acquisition
research (SLA) compared to commonly adopted teaching methodology. The role of corrective feedback has changed
significantly in recent years and both researchers and practitioners currently agree on its importance for the
development of language accuracy in communicative tasks. However, researchers’ and practitioners’ views are still
divergent especially in relation to the use of immediate correction of non-target utterances in spoken interaction. Most
practitioners consider delayed feedback as the strategy of choice in these contexts, whereas SLA researchers maintain
that immediate feedback is preferable. As yet, research has not focused enough on the study of delayed feedback to
provide conclusive evidence to support or challenge current teaching practice. In Section 1 I present an overview of the
main feedback strategies discussed in the current SLA literature, including recasts and elicitations. In Section 2 and 3 I
review current ideas on how to provide feedback in fluency activities according to SLA interactional approaches and
commonly adopted teaching practice. I will also present an example of a speaking activity where opportunities for
feedback were designed according to current teaching methodology.
Keywords: Oral Feedback, Delayed Corrective Feedback, L2 Accuracy, Fluency Activities, Elicitations, Second
Language Acquisition, Teaching Practice.
The role of feedback in Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
he role of teacher feedback in the second language classroom has changed significantly
in the last three decades in relation to the rising importance attributed to interaction.
In particular the use of teaching strategies that could help learners focus on the form of
the language while performing communicative tasks has been advocated as a means to enhance
language accuracy in the communicative classroom.
In work by Long (Long 1981, 1996, 2006) the idea started to emerge that together with
comprehensible input, interaction with more competent speakers, especially in the form of
feedback utterances, was a crucial variable in enhancing the acquisition process because it
provides learners with the opportunity to attend to linguistic forms in the context of
communicative interaction where the main focus remains on meaning (Interaction Hypothesis).
One of the feedback moves that have been more extensively studied in the SLA literature are
recasts. Long defines recasts as:
utterances that rephrase a child’s utterance by changing one or more components
(subject, verb, object) while still referring to its central meaning. (Long 1996, 434)
The learner-teacher interaction in (1) represents an example of recast:
T