Home economics in higher education:
pre-professional socialization
Sue L.T. McGregor
Docent in Home Economics, University of Helsinki, Halifax, NS, Canada
Marjorie M. Brown Distinguished Professor; Doctoral Program Coordinator, Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Keywords
Home economics, pre-professional
socialization, higher education, professional
identity, professional culture.
Correspondence
Sue L.T. McGregor, Faculty of Education,
Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford
Highway, Halifax, NS, Canada B3M 2J6.
E-mail: sue.mcgregor@msvu.ca
doi: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01025.x
Abstract
It is paramount that higher education programmes in home economics remain ever vigilant
regarding how they are designed, because they socialize individuals into the profession,
and deeply affect the formation of home economics professional identities, how people see
themselves as a home economist and identify with the profession. This paper discusses the
link between higher education home economics programmes and future-proofing the
profession through a well-thought-out pre-professional socialization process. Well-planned
socialization processes better ensure a commitment to the home economics professional
culture and community, and to deeply entrenched alignment with a positive home eco-
nomics identity.
Introduction
The premise of this paper is twofold. First, higher education home
economics degrees, and the attendant socialization process, deeply
affect the formation of professional identity. Second, strong pro-
fessional identity with the profession is a powerful tool to future-
proof the profession. Schein (1978) describes professional identity
as the relatively stable and ensuring constellation of attributes,
beliefs, values, motives and experiences by which people define
themselves in a professional role. Professional identity forms over
time, but it is most adaptable and mutable early in one’s career
(Ibarra, 1999). Also, it differs from, but is inherently linked with,
one’s professional image or persona, the impressions one conveys
to others of oneself as a professional, and by association, that of
the entire profession (Ibarra, 1999).
For this reason, the role that higher education degree pro-
grammes play in the development of home economists’ profes-
sional identity warrants ongoing attention. At the end of a higher
education degree, home economics graduates should have both (a)
the technical competencies (knowledge, concepts, content and
theories) and (b) the internalized values, philosophy, mission and
cultural identity embraced by members of the profession (Kieren
et al., 1984; Cornelissen, 2006). This higher education experience
is intended to help home economists continue to meet the chal-
lenges they face in their careers and the challenges faced by
individuals and families. As the profession moves into the 21st
century, it is important that this topic be revisited because, as
noted, the socialization process that people experience in univer-
sities plays a key role in future-proofing the profession.
To address this topic, the paper first defines the concept of
higher education and then reviews the literature on discussions of
home economics in higher education (the last 40 years, admittedly
from a North American perspective, although the import of not
future-proofing the profession in all regions will be felt world-
wide). This literature review illustrates that little has been said to
date about the role of higher education programmes in home
economics and their role in future-proofing the profession through
the socialization process.
This paper takes up that topic by discussing the pre-professional
socialization process (intent and stages) in home economics
higher education programmes, followed by five ideas about how
to future-proof the profession from the perspective of pre-
professional socialization. The paper concludes with a discussion
of three basic approaches to designing higher education pro-
gramme curricula (stand-alone, infuse and integrate) and how each
serves the purpose of pre-professional socialization. The final con-
clusion is that pre-professional socialization should not be left to
chance. It needs to be planned, coordinated and nurtured; our
future depends upon it.
Higher education defined
For clarification, higher education is a term that refers to the level
of education beyond high school (or its equivalent) that is provided
International Journal of Consumer Studies ISSN 1470-6423
International Journal of Consumer Studies 35 (2011) 560–568
© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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