Effects of SVC and TCSC Control Strategies on Static
Voltage Collapse Phenomena
Nemat Talebi M. Ehsan S.M.T. Bathaee
Islamic Azad Univarsity Sharif University K.N.Toosi University
Science and Reaserch Campus Electrical Enginerring Faculty Electrical Enginerring Faculty
Nemat-Talebi@azad.ac.ir M.ehsan@sharif.ac.ir Bathaee@K.N.T.U.ac.ir
Abstract:
This paper focuses on detailed steady state models
with emphsize on control loops of two Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices’ namely, Static
Var Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled
Series Capacitor (TCSC) , to study their effects on
voltage collapse phenomena in power systems. Based on
results at the point of collapse ‘ control loops strategies
which could increase system loadability or increase
loadability margin to collapse point are determined.
The IEEE 14 bus test system is used to illustrate the
effects of FACTS devices control strategies on voltage
collapse phenomena.
1. Introduction
Voltage collapse problems in power systems have
been a permanent concern for the electric utilities, as
several major black outs through out the world have
been directly associated to this phenomena, e.g. WSCC
July 1996 and etc. Many analysis methods have been
proposed and currently used for the study of this
problem [1,2,3]. Most of these thechniques are based on
the identification of system equilibria where the
corresponding jacobians become singular. These
equilibrium points are typically refferd to as points of
voltage collapse and can be mathematically associated
to saddle-node bifurcation [4,5].
The voltage collapse points are also known as
maximum loadability points. In fact, the voltage
collapse problem can be restated as an optimization
problem where the objective function is to maximize
certain system parameters typically associated to load
levels [6,7,8,9]. Hence, voltage collapse techniques may
also be used to compute the maximum power that can
be transmitted through the transmission system. In the
new competitive energy market litretuers also known as
total transfer capability or as available transfer
capability [10].
It is well known that shunt and series compensation
can be used to increase the maximum transfer
capabilites of power networks [11]. With the
improvments in current and voltage handling
capabilities of power electronic devices that have
allowed for development of flexible ac transmission
system devices. The possibility has arisen to using
different types of controllers for efficient shunt and
series compensation. Thus, FACTS devices based on
thyristor controlled reactors (TCR) such as static var
compensators (SVC) and thyristor controlled series
capacitors (TCSC) are being used by several electric
utilities to compensate their systems [12]. Recently,
various types of devices for shunt and series
compensation based on voltage source convertors
(VSC) 'namely, STATCOM , SSSC , UPFC , have been
proposed and implemented [13]. This paper concentrate
on studying the efffects of SVC and TSCS control loop
strategies on voltage collapse phenomena using
adequate steady state models of these devices [14].
Control loop strategies of FACTS devices are very
different. Based on normal operation requirements of
power system or an optimization objective function, the
best control loop strategy for FACTS devices are
adapted. Thus, during voltage collapse phenomena, each
of these control loop strategies may have different
interaction. So the interaction of FACTS devices on
voltage collapse phenomena dependes on upon their
control strategies. In the other word responses of
FACTS devices on various operation condition of
power system, are governed by control loop strategies.
Therefore a control loop strategy may act on special
phenomena, as an exciting or extingushing source.
Section 2 briefly introduces the basic mathematical
tools required for the analysis of voltage collapse
phenomena. In section 3 detailed describtion of SVC
and TCSC models and their various control loop
strategies are given. Section 4 is depicted to simulation
of voltage collapse phenomena on IEEE 14 bus test
system with implementing SVC and TCSC. Finally,
section 5 summrizes the main points of this paper and
discusses future reaserch directions.
3 0-7803-8367-2/04/$20.00 ©2004 IEEE